1. Module 29 Biology, Cognitive, and Learning
Unit 6 Learning
Module 29 Biology, Cognitive, and Learning

2. Cognitive Processes and Operant Cond.
Latent Learning: doesn’t appear until there is incentive to demonstrate it
Insight Learning: Suddenly realizing a solution
Intrinsic Motivation: internal motivation
Rewards have limits, can destroy intrinsic motivation
Becomes overjustification that can lead to cognitive dissonance
Extrinsic motivation: gain rewards through behavior

3. Learning and Personal Control
Problem-focused: facing stress head-on
Emotion-focused: when you feel you have no control over a situation or cannot change it.

4. Learned Helplessness
A state of passive resignation; do not even try to avoid/escape situation

5. Internal vs External Locus of Control
Internal Locus: control your own destiny
External Locus: chance or outside forces determine your fate
Americans are now more external

6. Module 30 Learning by Observation
Unit 6 Learning
Module 30 Learning by Observation

7. What is Observational Learning?
Observational Learning (social learning): learn by watching and imitating others NOT through direct experience
Modeling: imitating
Bandura-Bobo Doll
Vicarious reinforcement/punishment

8. Application of Observational Learning
Prosocial Effect: Positive/helpful behaviors
Antisocial effect: explains aggressive parents=aggressive children
TV/internet/social media=powerful source of observational learning

9. Mirror Neurons and Imitation in Brain
Mirror Neurons: in frontal lobe—fire when watching a model perform an activity
Leads to imitation and empathy
Theory of Mind: taking on another’s view point—empathy
Emotions are contagious!

10. Violence-Viewing Effect
2 factors
Imitation: infants as young as 14 months will imitate
Prolonged exposure: desensitizes