1. Ruled by Henry VII (late 15 th century) His son Arthur dies as a young adult –Brother Henry VIII marries his widow (Catherine) Henry VII dies in 1509 –Henry VIII takes the throne as King of England Henry VIII seeks a male heir –Only child is Mary He seeks an annulment from his wife –Pope would not grant an annulment because there was no infidelity

2. Henry’s Issues Henry splits England from the Catholic Church –Pope said no to the annulment –He starts the Protestant Church of England Henry marries a total six times –They end in divorce, beheading, death, & ultimately his death –Only has one boy: Edward VI Edward VI was a sickly child & died as young king Throne passed to first-born heir – Mary I –AKA Bloody Mary for her attacks on Protestants Eventually succeeded by Elizabeth I –One of England’s most powerful & longest reins –Restored Protestant faith to England

3. Family Tree Ferdinand Ruled 1476-1516 Isabella of CastileHenry VII (Died 1509) Elizabeth of York Catherine of Aragon Arthur (Died 6 months after wedding) Henry VIII Betrothed at 3 years old Married in 1501 Married in 1509/Divorced(Anullement) in 1533 Elizabeth I Born 1533/Ruled 1558-1603 Jane Seymour Edward VI Born1537/Ruled 1546-1553 Philip II of Spain Born 1527/Ruled 1556-1598 Married in 1555 Mary a.k.a. Bloody Mary Born 1516/Ruled 1553-1558 Anne Boleyn

4. Rise of England England to attack Spanish shipsProfitable for England to attack Spanish ships –Gave a portion of the loot to the English govt. –“Sea Dogs” became national heroes for this The Spanish were angered –Philip II of Spain offered to marry Elizabeth marry Elizabeth in hopes of stopping the attacks & making country Catholic again Elizabeth refusedElizabeth refused Virgin Queen –Nickname the Virgin Queen

5. fleet of ships to crush England Philip II unloads the country’s treasury to build a fleet of ships to crush England known as the Spanish Armada The fleet of 130 ships would be known as the Spanish Armada Spain built huge galleons that were larger, but slower than the English ships The ships were large enough to carry: - The newest, most powerful cannons - Sailors to man the ship - Army to unload on the coast - Priests to convert the English people to Catholicism The ships were large enough to carry: - The newest, most powerful cannons - Sailors to man the ship - Army to unload on the coast - Priests to convert the English people to Catholicism

7. Attack of the Armada The English used every ship in their fleet –T–They defeated a few by darting around them –T–They s ss stripped many ships & lit them on fire, pushing them into the Armada Most critical blow came from a storm –R–R–R–Retreating Armada blown into the rocks –K–Known as Protestant Wind

8. never as powerful again Spain was never as powerful again Spain focused on Central & South America after the Armada grew the Catholic Church They grew the Catholic Church in the New World They built large estates, called haciendas plantations – large crop raising farms – Became plantations – large crop raising farms Spain turned to a new labor force – Following the death of many natives – Used forced labor from Africa – African Diaspora – Forced removal of African slaves

9. Movement of living things between both hemispheres