1. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 1 of 12 Lateral offsets for multimode fiber (MMF) connectors part 1 Al Brunsting & Rick Pimpinella Panduit Corporation 17301 Ridgeland Avenue Tinley Park, IL 60477 Voice: 708-532-1800/888-506-5400 Fax: 708-532-1811 www.panduit.com

2. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 2 of 12 Background Simulations for connector lateral offsets are required to specify maximum connector insertion loss. A worst-case MMF lateral offset of 7.0  m is currently being used. Based on a large comprehensive set of ferrule measurements and fiber specifications, we calculated connector lateral offsets using probability density functions (PDF). From this study it can be assumed that at least 95% of the lateral offsets in the field are less than or equal to 6.0  m.

3. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 3 of 12 Simulation theory Vectors for lateral offsets of a MMF connector (not to scale).

4. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 4 of 12 Simulation theory (cont.) Resultant vector, S, is the sum of its 3 component vectors S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 S = simulated lateral offset for one of the two connectors in a MMF connection. Component offsets and connector rotations are accommodated in this simulation. x and y components of S: S x = |S 1 | + |S 2 |cos  2 + |S 3 |cos  3 S y = |S 2 |sin  2 + |S 3 |sin  3 From Slide 2 x-y coordinate system chosen so that  1 = 0.

5. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 5 of 12 Simulation theory (cont.)  2 &  3 independently take on 6 values of 0 , 60 , 120 , 180 , 240 , & 300 . Mean and standard deviation (SD) for each of |S 1 |, |S 2 |, & |S 3 | come from Panduit measurements and MMF spec. (TIA/EIA- 492AAAA-A, January 1998, Table 1). There are 5 indep. variables (  2,  3, |S 1 |, |S 2 |, & |S 3 |). For each simulation there are 6*6*5*5*5 = 4500 resultant vectors, (S). Each S will have a statistical wt. Distribution of S‘s & associated wts. give final lateral offset PDF for one connector. Multiply offsets by SQRT(2) to simulate two connectors (one connection).

6. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 6 of 12 Simulation theory (cont.) SD for |S 2 | has 3 RMS components: 1.Measured ferrule ID SD. 2.Specified MMF cladding diameter OD. 3.Secondary effects: specified cladding non-circularity & alignment sleeve (est. from Panduit measurements). All taken to be 0.50  m. Each magnitude (|S 1 |, |S 2 |, |S 3 |) has 5 values (S a, S b, S c, S d, S e ) = (mean – 2*SD, mean – SD, mean, mean + SD, mean + 2*SD). Correspond. stat. wts. (w i ) = (0.135, 0.607, 1.000, 0.607, 0.135).

7. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 7 of 12 Consider Supplier 2 & 1 case of 4500 simulated cases: Angles:  2 = 120 ,  3 = 240  |S 1 | = 0.14  m (mean – 2*SD), w 1 = 0.135 |S 2 | = 0.59  m (mean – 2*SD), w 2 = 0.135 |S 3 | = 1.00  m, w 3 = 0.607 (mean + SD) Results: Total stat. Wt. = 0.135*0.135*0.607 = 0.011 From Slide 4: S x = -0.655, S y = -0.355, |S| = 0.745  m. An example

8. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 8 of 12 Values for |S 1 |, |S 2 |, & |S 3 | Note: (|S 1 |, |S 2 |, |S 3 |) depends on (ferrule only, ferrule & MMF, MMF only). S a  0. Tolerances for MMF are assumed to be at  3*SD. Some measurements, dimensions, and tolerances must be divided by 2 to convert from diameter to radius.

9. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 9 of 12 Panduit measurements. (Eccent., OD, ID) are (eccentricity, outside diameter, inside diameter)  m N = no. of ferrules measured. The three middle columns give mean  SD. 3050 ferrules were measured.

10. December 13, 2004 Panduit Corp. Slide 10 of 12 Lateral offset PDF. Simulation giving the relative probability that the connection has a give lateral offset, |S|. Cumulative frequency is more useful for conclusions.