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Published byJeffrey Thornton Modified over 9 years ago
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Global warming: What is the controversy? http://www.junkscience.com/GMT/index.htm Interesting NPR story on recently rejected coal power plant in Kansas http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15546026
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http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/components2.gif
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Spectrum of Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface H&K fig 6.2 Absorption bands due to gasses like CO 2, H 2 O, CH 4 etc. These are the so-called green-house gasses. O 3 In the stratosphere
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Absorption by the Atmosphere http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atmospheric_Transmission.png
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas These number differ slightly From those in your text
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Carbon Cycle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle
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http://www.whrc.org/carbon/http://www.whrc.org/carbon/ (Woods Hole Research Center) Sediments and sedimentary Rocks could account for another 6x10 7 Petagrams! (www.physicalgeography.net/9r.html)
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http://www.whrc.org/carbon/http://www.whrc.org/carbon/ (Woods Hole Research Center)
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H&K Fig. 9.6: Feedback (positive and Negative) “Butterfly effect” in complex systems
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CO 2 Concentrations and Temperature Change Note that total temperature change across several ice ages was only about 12 o C or about 22 o F.
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Another way to look at it: Robinson et al. J. Phys. Surg. 12, 79-90 (2007) These doctors say yes the warming is there, but claim that there is no evidence that the warming is anthropogenic. Why might you be skeptical of this article?
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http://www.mardiros.net/atmosphere/atmosphere_structure.html 10 ppm ozone at ~ 50 km compared to 40 ppb ozone in the troposphere!
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http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html Ozone levels at Halley Bay station (Antarctica)
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TOMS Satellite movie ( Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ) http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/anim_toms.html
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TOMS Satellite movie ( Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ) http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html
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Carbon Cycle http://www.bigelow.org/foodweb/carbon_cycle.jpg
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Exam II Review 115 points again (translated to 100 for course total) 23 questions 5 or so are numeric. Bring a calculator! Covers Solar Energy through global warming and biofuels. –Chapters 6, 17, 7, 8, 9 (thru 9.B). Cover sheet is up on ONCOURSE (blue font identifies additions since the first exam). OFFICE HOURS: T 11:00-12:00, 1:00-2:30; W 2:45 to 3:45, Thurs 8:00 to 9:00
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Solar Energy Active/passive systems: basics of design Direct, indirect, diffuse Basic system design (components, features) Solar constant and insolation Flat panel vs. focusing systems How much energy is available Advantages/disadvantages
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Fossil Fuels Resources vs. reserves (proven, inferred…) Attractive features vs. problems associated with them. Exploration, refining, production,… Natural gas: what is it? Where is it? Alternative sources: oil sands/shale, clathrates, etc. Coal: Impurities, types Societal use, sector use Physical differences between grades
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Biomass What is it? Landfill design Sources of various types (ethanol, biogas, methanol, municipal waste) Anaerobic digestion (input and output) Energy/carbon balance Wood Societal distribution Advantages/disadvantages
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Air Pollution Pascal’s and Archemedes’ principles What is pollution (sources, types, regulations) Effects of CO, SO x, NO x, VOC, TSP, O 3 Interactions between various types (SMOG) Acid rain (sources, consequences) Emission controls: –Precipitators/collectors vs. scrubbers for power plants –PCV, EGR valves, catalytic converters etc. for cars Profiles for various sources (power plants vs. cars, coal vs. natural gas etc.) and societies.
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Climate Change What is the greenhouse effect? What are some common green house gases? Where is the carbon and how much gets exchanged per year? Why do we not have a definitive answer about how hot we will get? Behaviour of complex systems (tipping points etc.)
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