1. ATP Sugar ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

2. Food molecules are the $1000 dollar bills of energy storage Food molecules function as fuel molecules, storing large quantities of energy in a stable form over long periods of time! They are the long-term energy currency of the cell. For “pocket change”, cells require a molecule that stores much smaller quantities of energy and that can be used and re-charged! This molecule is adenosine triphosphate or ATP !!!!! ATP collects small packets of energy from the food burning power plants(mitochondria) of the cell and transports this energy to where it is needed! ATP moves muscles or forces a seedling out of the ground or forms sucrose in the cells or….. or……. or…….

3. When a fatty acid is burned, energy is given off. Some of this energy is trapped in the molecules of ATP and some is lost in the form of HEAT ! The energy carrying part of an ATP molecule is the triphosphate “tail”. Three phosphate groups are joined by covalent bonds. The electrons in these bonds carry ENERGY ! ADENINE RIBOSE SUGAR TRI PHOSPHATE (3 PHOSPHATES) ATP OR ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Draw and Label the ATP molecule

4. Adenine Ribose Sugar Tri-phosphate Group

6. At the energy requiring site, the last phosphate group in the tail breaks off and ENERGY is released to do WORK for the cell ! ATP ADP + Pi + ENERGY This new molecule— adenosine diphosphate (do you get it?? di??) does not hold as much energy and needs to be recharged—so to the power plants of the cell (mitochondria) it goes to pick up a phosphate group to become ATP once again !!!! ADP + Pi + ATP ENERGY

7. ATP ADP

8. http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Bi ology1111/animations/transport1.html

9. GLUCOSE —(C 6 H 12 O 6 ) FOOD FOR PLANT AND CONSUMERS—Stored in plant ! FROM AIR---- Go in stomata FROM SOIL Released fromleaf to the air-Go out stomata

10. Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp. (SEM x3,520).

11. PHOTOSYNTHESIS INPUTS: WATER CARBON DIOXIDE OUTPUTS: OXYGEN GLUCOSE ENERGY STORAGE MOLECULES: ATP NADPH

12. What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protists use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things.Photosynthesiscellular respiration ATP The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll contained in the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll reflects which color???chlorophyll Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and CO 2 and releases the oxygen that we absolutely must have to stay alive. Oh yes, we need the food(glucose) as well!

13. We can write the overall reaction of photosynthesis as: H 2 O + CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 The balanced equation is: 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 The above chemical equation translates as: six molecules of water plus six molecules of carbon dioxide produce one molecule of glucose plus six molecules of oxygen

14. CHLOROPLAST LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION OR CALVIN CYCLE GLUCOSE C 6 H 12 O 6

17. Respiration: Breaking glucose down to make ATP

18. You should already know that we turn sugar into ATP in a process called _________.

19. There are two types of respiration:

20. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

21. In the cytoplasm 36 ATP Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic Acid OR Pyruvate CELLULAR RESPIRATION Alcohol Fermentaion With Oxygen Present No Oxygen Present

22. Cytoplasm 2 232 Aerobic Respiration—Produces 36 ATP molecules !!!

23. WHOA !!!

24. Happens in the cytoplasm !!! 2 Pyruvic Acid

25. There are two main categories of Cell Respiration Aerobic Respiration – Breaks down glucose completely and creates a total of 38 ATP and a net of 36 ATP Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) – Breaks down glucose only partially and creates a total of 4 ATP and net of 2 ATP –Lactic Acid Fermentation—animals, bacteria –Alcoholic Fermentation—fungi like yeast, plants Each reaction requires 2ATP to activate them.

26. Alcohol Fermentation is used to make bread and alcohol products – using yeast Produces CO 2 and alcohol—In making bread—alcohol burns off and CO 2 makes bread rise—In producing alcohols, the alcohol is used to produce the beverage, CO 2 is released--

27. No oxygen present in some plants or fungi- Anaerobic Fermentation--Alcohol Fermentation 2 Pyruvic Acid

28. Lactic Acid Fermentation is used to make yogurt and some cheeses – the producer of these is bacteria OR, When muscle exertion happens and oxygen is depleted to the cells,lactic acid builds up in animal cells and causes muscle fatigue and sore muscles the next day ! Give them a rest and Normal Aerobic Respiration takes over and creates ATP and soreness goes away !!!!!

29. No oxygen present in animals and some bacteria. Anaerobic Fermentation--Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 Pyruvic Acid 2 Lactic Acid

30. We use lactic acid fermentation When we don’t have enough oxygen for our ATP requirements in our muscles. Short – bursts of energy – anaerobic exercise The lactic acid is what causes cramps when you don’t stretch (increase blood flow to the muscle) This lactic acid has to go back to the liver where it is turned back into glucose. Oxygen Debt – You have to continue to breathe hard in order to make more ATP to convert lactic acid back to glucose. Important in the Fight or Flight mechanism in animals !

31. Glucose Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid- (Muscle Lab) (animals & bacteria) Without Oxygen With Oxygen Without Oxygen Ethanol — Yeast & Apple Juice Mini- Lab-(only some fungi and some plants )

32. CELLULAR AEROBIC RESPIRATION CYTOPLASM (2) Pyruvic Acid +2 ATP +about 32 ATP ABOUT 36 ATP !