1. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
Charles Page High School
Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

2. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
A vertebrate that has moist skin with glands, but lacks scales and claws is a(n) amphibian
If an amphibian still has a tail after it undergoes the process of metamorphosis, it is probably a salamander

3. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
As adults, both frogs and toads have hind legs adapted for jumping
To breathe, adult amphibians (unlike the larvae) use their lungs
In the circulatory system of adult amphibians, the first loop carries what oxygen-content of blood, and to what location? Oxygen-poor to the lungs

4. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
Fishes are characterized by each of the following except: a bony skeleton; scales; fins; pharyngeal gills
Describe the first fishes according to their body covering and jaws. Covered with bony plates and jawless

5. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
The pectoral fins of fishes evolved into what structure in terrestrial animals? forelimbs
What is the largest known fish? White shark
Discuss some of the extraordinary feeding adaptations of fish. Lighted lures, shoots down insects with water, long snout with teeth, teeth fused to short beak

6. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
In fishes, blood from the muscles and organs collects in the sinus venosus
Give some examples of the jawless fishes. Lampreys and hagfish
How do skates and rays move? Wing-like pectoral fins
Why are coelacanths important in evolutionary history? Nearest land ancestor

7. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
Adult amphibians are vertebrates, but do they lay eggs with a shell on them? no
Huge amphibians became so numerous 345 to 285 million years ago that the term “Age of Amphibians” is often applied to this period named carboniferous Period.

8. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
How do tadpoles, salamander larvae, and a few adult salamanders get rid of excess carbon dioxide? through their skin
The heart of a tadpole has how many chambers? two
In vertebrates, what are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys? ureters

9. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
In an amphibian, what does the nictitating membrane cover? eye
In a frog, blood returning from the legs collects in the vena cava
The red eft is a stage of development of the crimson-spotted newt
The circulatory system of a fish is called a singe-loop.

10. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
If a fish is cartilaginous and has jaws, it is classified in the class chondrichthyes
The kidneys of a freshwater fish pump out much dilute urine.
Salmon can distinguish between the odor of their home stream and others by using their chemorecepters

11. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
Give an example of an oviparous fish that cares for their young. Siamese fighting fist, sticklebacks, cichlids and catfish, male seahorse
The heyday of the amphibians ended because climate change
How do adult amphibians typically get their food? carnivores
What part of the frog and toad brain coordinates jumping? cerebellum

12. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
Were the first fishes armored with jaws? No, jawless
How many species of living lobe-finned fishes are there today? two
The feeding adaptation in fish that revolutionized vertebrate evolution was the jaw

13. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
During the Ordovician and Silurian Periods, jawless fishes underwent a major adaptive radiation.

14. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
In moist woods, look under logs and rocks to find toads.
Fishes in which embryos are nourished directly inside the body are called viviparous
Because of their external fertilization, frogs must be oviparous

15. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians
A fish in which the teeth are constantly replaced throughout life is the shark
The armored jawless fishes were ultimately an evolutionary dead end.