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Amphibians
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Amphibian Characteristics
Vertebrates (backbone) Ectothermic (cold-blooded) Must absorb heat from external sources When environment becomes too hot or too cold, many amphibians become dormant (inactive or at rest) by burrowing in the mud.
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Frog Life Cycle Metamorphosis All amphibians begin life in water
Most amphibian eggs are fertilized externally Eggs do not have shells
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Frog Life Cycle Fertilized eggs hatch into tadpoles (larval stage)
Tadpoles have fins, gills, and a 2-chambered heart Tadpoles develop into adults Develop legs, lungs, and a 3-chambered heart
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Respiration Respiration:
Tadpoles obtain oxygen from water that passes over gills
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Respiration Adults have lungs so that they can exchange gases with the air Adults also exchange gases through their thin, moist skin
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Circulation Circulation:
Tadpole – 2-chambered heart and a single loop of vessels Adult – 3-chambered heart and two loops of vessels (needed for life on land)
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Circulation
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Types of Amphibians Order Anura – frogs and toads
Do not have tails; feed on insects and worms; have jaws and teeth; frogs have long legs and smooth skin; toads have bumpy skin and short legs pickerel frog American toad
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Types of Amphibians Order Caudata – salamanders
Long, slender body with neck and tail; smooth, moist skin and no claws; some live in water, others in damp places; hatch from eggs; adults are carnivorous hellbender spotted salamander
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Types of Amphibians Caecilians
Burrow into the ground; no limbs; short or no tail; live in warm, tropical climates; usually blind; eat earthworms; internal fertilization
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Frog Reproduction
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