2. SEX AND THE COLLEGE STUDENT By: Jenna Ruimveld, Kylie Muntz, Shannon Grabe, and Courteny Rhem

3. 2 ADAPTATION THEORY What is it:  A model in which the main goal is to adapt to a changing environment. Applying it to what we are promoting:  Adapting to the presence of disease  Adapting to unwanted pregnancy  Adapting contraceptives themselves 2

4. 3 HEALTH Y PEOPLE 2020 Goals:  Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.  Promoting quality of life.  Promoting healthy development.  Promoting healthy behaviors across all life stages. Our Goals in Relationship to Healthy People 2020:  Preventing STDs.  Promoting a healthy behavior.  Promoting longer lives free of preventable diseases. 3

5. WHAT’S THE PROBLEM? 1 in every 4 college students has or will get an STD/STI Only 54 percent of students regularly use condoms during vaginal intercourse, 29 percent during anal intercourse and only 4 percent during oral sex Overall, the CDC estimates that 19 million new sexually transmitted infections occur each year, almost half among 15- to 24-year-olds 87% of men know how to use a condom correctly and 70% believe men should carry a condom at all times "just in case”, but only 60% of women know how to use a condom correctly and a whopping 60% also say they would still have sex even if their partner refused to wear a condom As much as 60% of women in the same survey reported that they are in committed relationships while only 38% of men reported the same.

6. STD AGE OCCURRENCES CDC - SAM Infographic 2013 - NCHHSTP Newsroom. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2013/SAM-Infographic-2013.html?s_cid=nchhstp-nr- sam-011

7. MICHIGAN STATISTICS SHOW THAT… MDCH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Michigan. (n.d.). SOM - State of Michigan. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132- 2940_2955_2982_46012---,00.html

8. STD TRENDS IN MICHIGAN 2002-2011 MDCH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Michigan. (n.d.). SOM - State of Michigan. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132-2940_2955_2982_46012---,00.html

9. MECOSTA VS CLARE COUNTY - CHLAMYDIA MDCH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Michigan. (n.d.). SOM - State of Michigan. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132- 2940_2955_2982_46012---,00.html

10. Testing for STDs/STIs has become an uncommon practice in many college student lives Testing can prevent the spread of these diseases Lack of testing could be a possible result of embarrassment, denial, or even the doubt of a sexual partner TESTING Barth, K., Cook, R., Downs, J., Switzer, G., & Fischhoff, B. (2002). Social Stigma and Negative Consequences: Factors that infuence college students' decisions to seek testing for sexually transmitted infections. Journal of American College Health, 50(4), 153-159.

11. 1.Alcohol 90% of alcohol consumed by youth under 21 is in the form of binge drinking Effects your ability to make decisions.  (contraceptives, one night stands) Increases sex drive. RISK FACTORS

12. ALCOHOL DID YOU KNOW?? Every increase in blood alcohol level of 0.1 mg/ml led to a 5% increase in the intention to engage in unprotected sex. "Drinking has a casual effect on the likelihood to engage in unsafe sex, and thus should be included as a major factor in preventive efforts for HIV.” – Dr. Jurgen Rehm

13. 2. Environmental factors Level of education Poverty Increase in age of marriage. Race RISK FACTORS

14. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Women who had only a high-school diploma were twice as likely as women with some college to get pregnant unintentionally. Women in poverty were three to four times more likely than the highest-income women to experience unplanned pregnancy as well as an STD. Men and women are waiting longer to get married (Average: Male= 28.9 Females=26.9) which leaves a larger gap for people to have multiple sex partners.

15. LETS TALK ABOUT SEX! Education is are first line of defense What can we do about it?? Safe sex education Condoms: How to use them and why they are so important Educate on the diseases and the risk of unprotected sex

16. “Communication about condom is widley found to be one of the strongest predictors of condom use among heterosexual couples” ( Holland & French, 2012, 444) Talk with your partner about safe and condom use. Don’t be afraid of “the conversation” better safe than sorry! COMMUNICATION

17. We need to have more programs to teach kids how to PROPERLY use them If college students have condoms them they will use them!!! Get condoms out to the students!

18. There is growing evidence that promoting pleasure in male and female condom use, alongside safer sex messaging, can increase the consistent use of condoms and the practice of safer sex” (Boydell, Knerr& Philpott, 2006). Promote pleasurable sex with condom use in health promotion campaigns. SEX CAN BE SAFE AND PLEASURABLE

19. REFERENCES 10 Truly Shocking Stats On STDs and College Students | Nursing Schools.net. (n.d.). Nursing Schools Online | The Best Nursing Programs of 2013. Retrieved from http://www.nursingschools.net/blog/2010/05/10-truly-shocking-stats-on-stds-and-college- students/ Barth, K., Cook, R., Downs, J., Switzer, G., & Fischhoff, B. (2002). Social Stigma and Negative Consequences: Factors that infuence college students' decisions to seek testing for sexually transmitted infections. Journal of American College Health, 50(4), 153-159. Boydell, V., Knerrr, N., & Philpott, A. (2006) Pleasure and prevention: When good sex is safe sex. Reproductive Health Matters, 14.28, 23-31. CDC - SAM Infographic 2013 - NCHHSTP Newsroom. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2013/SAM-Infographic-2013.html?s_cid=nchhstp-nr-sam-011 Holland, K.J., & French, S.E., (2012). Condom negotiation strategy use and effectiveness among college students. Journal of Sex Research, 49(5), 443-453. Loeng, C. (2013). Be safe, not sorry, in sex education. Daily Titan. Retrieved from www.dailytitan.com/2013/04/be-safe-not-sorry-in-sex- education/ MDCH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Michigan. (n.d.). SOM - State of Michigan. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132-2940_2955_2982_46012---,00.html