2.  What is the purpose of government?

3.  Protect ◦ People from each other and outsiders ◦ Individual rights and liberties  Provide public goods and services ◦ Parks, monuments, environmental regulations, anti-monopoly policies, commerce, welfare, medical, etc…

4.  THOMAS HOBBES ◦ “Every man is against every man… and the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” ◦ SO, give power to a KING to…  Enforce Laws  Punish Criminals  Defend people from invasion **SOME RIGHTS HAVE TO GO IN ORDER TO HAVE LAW AND ORDER.

5. ◦ “Life, liberty, and the enjoyment of personal property” ◦ GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO GUARANTEE PEOPLE’S “NATURAL RIGHTS” ◦ Power to the People **NO RESTRICTIONS ON CITIZENS WITHOUT THEIR CONSENT.

6.  Anarchy ◦ Absence of government  Theocracy ◦ Control of governance by a religion, church and/or clergy. Church law above civil law (Iran)  Pure (direct) Democracy ◦ Direct citizen participation in daily governance (ancient Athens, colonial New England town meetings)  Representative Democracy – REPUBLICANISM ◦ Election of government officials to manage the state (USA, many others)

7.  Absolute Monarchy ◦ Government by a monarch with absolute power descending from God (absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV)  Constitutional Monarchy ◦ Government by a monarch with a constitution, limited monarchy (Great Britain and Denmark today)  Dictatorship ◦ Single leader rule by force, no consent of the governed at all (USSR under Stalin, IRAQ under Saddam Hussein) Types of Governments Continued:

8. Democracy rule by many Oligarchy rule by few Autocracy rule by one

9.  Find an example of democracy today in a news article ◦ CNN (politics); BBC; NPR (politics section); The Economist  On this section of notes, please write down (on these notes) for your article: ◦ Who? ◦ What? ◦ When? ◦ Where? ◦ How does the article relate to democracy?