1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.” To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar. From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep Visual Concepts Resources

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Earth’s Ecosystems Section 1 Land Biomes Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter E3 Table of Contents

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Bellringer Write the answers to the following questions in your science journal: What is a biome? List seven land biomes. Chapter E3

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Distinguish between abiotic factors and biotic factors in biomes. Identify seven land biomes on Earth. Objectives Chapter E3

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes The Earth’s Land Biomes Abiotic Factors Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of an environment. Biotic Factors Biotic factors are the living parts of an environment. Biomes A biome is a large area characterized by its climate and the plants and animals that live in the area. Chapter E3

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Forests Temperate Deciduous Forests In a temperate deciduous forest, mammals, birds, and reptiles thrive on the many leaves, seeds, nuts, and insects. Chapter E3

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Forests, continued Coniferous Forests Coniferous forest has evergreen trees and many animals must hibernate through the cold winters. Chapter E3

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Forests, continued Tropical Rain Forests Tropical rain forests have a greater variety of organisms than any other biome. Chapter E3

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Grasslands Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands have few trees, and many different kinds of seed and grass-eating animals. Chapter E3

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Grasslands, continued Savannas A grassland that has scattered clumps of trees and seasonal rains is called a savanna. Chapter E3

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Deserts Dry and Hot Biomes that are very dry and often very hot are called deserts. Chapter E3

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Tundra Polar Tundra In polar tundra, the layer of soil beneath the surface soil stays frozen all of the time. This layer is called permafrost. Alpine Tundra Alpine tundra also has permafrost. But alpine tundra is found at the top of tall mountains. Chapter E3

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Bellringer Write the answer to the following question in your science journal: What are abiotic factors in marine ecosystems? Chapter E3

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems List three abiotic factors that shape marine ecosystems. Describe four major ocean zones. Describe five marine ecosystems. Objectives Chapter E3

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Life in the Ocean Abiotic Factors Marine ecosystems are shaped by abiotic factors including water temperature, water depth, and the amount of sunlight that passes into the water. Plankton Trillions of plankton live in the ocean. Plankton are tiny organisms that float near the surface of the water. Chapter E3

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Temperature Depth and Temperature The temperature of ocean water decreases as the depth of the water increases. Chapter E3

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Depth and Sunlight The Intertidal Zone The intertidal zone is the place where the ocean meets the land. The Neritic Zone As you move farther away from shore, into the neritic zone, the water becomes deeper. The Oceanic Zone In the oceanic zone, the sea floor drops sharply The Benthic Zone The benthic zone is the ocean floor. The deepest part does not get any sunlight. Chapter E3

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter E3

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter E3

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems A Closer Look Intertidal Areas Intertidal areas are found near the shore. These areas include mudflats, sandy beaches, and rocky shores. Coral Reefs Coral reefs are found in warm, shallow areas of the neritic zone. Reefs provide homes for many marine animals and plants. Estuaries An area where fresh water from rivers spills into the ocean is called an estuary. Plants and animals living in estuaries must be able to survive in a changing concentration of salt. Chapter E3

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems A Closer Look, continued The Sargasso Sea An ecosystem called the Sargasso Sea is found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The ecosystem contains floating rafts of algae. Polar Ice The Arctic Ocean and the ocean around Antarctica have icy waters, which are rich in nutrients. Many fishes, birds, and mammals live in this ecosystem. Chapter E3

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Bellringer Write the answer to the following question in your science journal: What are four freshwater ecosystems? Chapter E3

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Describe one abiotic factor that affects freshwater ecosystems. Describe the three zones of a lake. Describe two wetland ecosystems. Explain how a lake becomes a forest. Objectives Chapter E3

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Stream and River Ecosystems Water in Streams and Rivers The water in brooks, streams, and rivers may flow from melting ice or snow. Or the water may come from a spring. Tributaries Each stream of water that joins a larger stream is called a tributary. Chapter E3

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter E3

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Tributary, River System, and Drainage Basin Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept Chapter E3

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Pond and Lake Ecosystems Life near Shore The are of water closest to the edge of a lake or pond is called the littoral zone. The plants in the littoral zone are homes to small animals. Life Away from Shore The area of a lake or pond that extends from the littoral zone across the top of the water called the open-water zone. Beneath the open-water zone is the deep-water zone, where no sunlight reaches. Chapter E3

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter E3

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Wetland Ecosystems Marshes A treeless wetland ecosystem where plants, such as grasses, grow is called a marsh. Muskrats, turtles, frogs, and birds live in marshes. Swamps A wetland ecosystem in which trees and vines grow is called a swamp. Water lilies and other plants grow in standing water. Many fishes, snakes, and birds also live in swamps. Chapter E3

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems From a Lake to a Forest Build Up of Sediments Water entering a standing body of water usually carries nutrients and sediments. These materials build up on the bottom of the lake or pond. Formation of a Wetland Over time, the pond or lake is filled with sediments. Plants grow in the new soil and the pond or lake starts becoming a wetland. The wetland then may develop into a forest. Chapter E3

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Earth’s Ecosystems Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. land biomes biotic factors tundra biomes marine freshwater abiotic factors grasslands Chapter E3

39. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Earth’s Ecosystems Chapter E3

40. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Earth’s Ecosystems Chapter E3

41. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu End of Chapter E3 Show

42. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Reading Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

43. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 1 Billy has a brochure for a camp that boasts of being the most adventurous summer camp in the world. Billy can’t wait to go to the camp and have fun outdoors. To prepare, he checks the supply list, which includes the following: light, summer clothes; sunscreen; rain gear; a heavy, down-filled jacket; a ski mask; and thick gloves. The list seems strange to Billy. He thought he was traveling to only one destination, so why does he need to bring such a wide variety of clothes? Billy rereads the brochure and learns that the campers will “climb the biomes of the world in just three days.” The destination is Africa’s tallest mountain, Kilimanjaro. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

44. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. In the passage, what does destination mean? A camp B vacation C place D mountain Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

45. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. In the passage, what does destination mean? A camp B vacation C place D mountain Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

46. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is a fact? F People ski on Kilimanjaro. G Kilimanjaro is Africa’s tallest mountain. H It rains a lot on Kilimanjaro. I The summers are cold on Kilimanjaro. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

47. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is a fact? F People ski on Kilimanjaro. G Kilimanjaro is Africa’s tallest mountain. H It rains a lot on Kilimanjaro. I The summers are cold on Kilimanjaro. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

48. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Why might Billy wonder if the brochure was advertising only one location? A The brochure called the camp the most adventurous summer camp in the world. B The brochure said that he would need light, summer clothes and sunscreen. C The brochure said that he would need light, summer clothes and a heavy, down-filled jacket. D The brochure said that the summers are cold on Kilimanjaro. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

49. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Why might Billy wonder if the brochure was advertising only one location? A The brochure called the camp the most adventurous summer camp in the world. B The brochure said that he would need light, summer clothes and sunscreen. C The brochure said that he would need light, summer clothes and a heavy, down-filled jacket. D The brochure said that the summers are cold on Kilimanjaro. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

50. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 2 The layer of soil above the permafrost is too shallow for plants with deep roots to live. Grasses and shrubs can survive there because they have shallow roots. A sheet of mosses and lichens grows beneath these plants. When the soil above the permafrost thaws, the soil becomes muddy. Muddy soil is an excellent place for insects, such as mosquitoes, to lay eggs. Many birds spend the summer in the tundra to feed on these insects. Tundra animals include caribou, musk oxen, wolves, and other large mammals. Smaller animals, such as lemmings, shrews, and hares, also live in the tundra. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

51. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Based on the passage, what is one reason for the lack of trees on the tundra? A Trees need more sunlight than is available. B The roots of trees need more room than is available. C The soil above the permafrost becomes too muddy for trees. D Trees need more water than is available. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

52. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Based on the passage, what is one reason for the lack of trees on the tundra? A Trees need more sunlight than is available. B The roots of trees need more room than is available. C The soil above the permafrost becomes too muddy for trees. D Trees need more water than is available. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

53. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Based on the passage, which of the following statements about permafrost is true? F It is a thawed layer of soil. G It is always moist. H It is always frozen. I It is shallow. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

54. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Based on the passage, which of the following statements about permafrost is true? F It is a thawed layer of soil. G It is always moist. H It is always frozen. I It is shallow. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

55. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is a fact? A Muddy soil is an excellent place for mosses and lichens to grow. B Birds fly north to reach the tundra in the summer. C Caribou and oxen are some of the large mammals that live in the tundra. D The tundra is a beautiful biome that is home to diverse communities. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

56. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is a fact? A Muddy soil is an excellent place for mosses and lichens to grow. B Birds fly north to reach the tundra in the summer. C Caribou and oxen are some of the large mammals that live in the tundra. D The tundra is a beautiful biome that is home to diverse communities. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

57. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Interpreting Graphics The map below shows the biomes of Australia. Use the map to answer the questions that follow. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

58. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Which letters on the map correspond to areas that are chaparral? A A and C B B and F C C and E D E and G Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

59. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Which letters on the map correspond to areas that are chaparral? A A and C B B and F C C and E D E and G Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

60. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. If you lived in the area marked F, which biome would you live in? F desert G temperate grassland H temperate deciduous forest I tropical rain forest Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

61. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. If you lived in the area marked F, which biome would you live in? F desert G temperate grassland H temperate deciduous forest I tropical rain forest Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

62. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. If you wanted to live in a forest, which letters correspond to areas where you could live? A A, B, and D B A, C, and D C B, C, and D D C, D, and E Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

63. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. If you wanted to live in a forest, which letters correspond to areas where you could live? A A, B, and D B A, C, and D C B, C, and D D C, D, and E Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

64. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Which letter corresponds to desert? F A G D H F I H Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

65. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Which letter corresponds to desert? F A G D H F I H Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

66. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Math Read each question, and choose the best answer. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

67. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Larry wants to buy a glass tabletop for his science lab at home. The glass tabletop is 1 m wide and 2 m long. How many square meters is the surface of the glass tabletop? A 2 m B 2 m 2 C 3 m 2 D 6 m 2 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

68. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Larry wants to buy a glass tabletop for his science lab at home. The glass tabletop is 1 m wide and 2 m long. How many square meters is the surface of the glass tabletop? A 2 m B 2 m 2 C 3 m 2 D 6 m 2 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

69. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. A scuba diver was exploring a coral reef. She spent 1.5 h exploring on Friday and spent twice as many hours exploring on Saturday. Which equation could be used to find n, the total number of hours that the scuba diver spent exploring on Friday and Saturday? F n = 2  1.5 G n = 1.5 + (2  1.5) H n = 1.5 + 1.5 + 2 I n = 2  1.5 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

70. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. A scuba diver was exploring a coral reef. She spent 1.5 h exploring on Friday and spent twice as many hours exploring on Saturday. Which equation could be used to find n, the total number of hours that the scuba diver spent exploring on Friday and Saturday? F n = 2  1.5 G n = 1.5 + (2  1.5) H n = 1.5 + 1.5 + 2 I n = 2  1.5 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

71. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. How do you express 5  5  5  5  2  2  2 in exponential notation? A (5  4) + (2  3) B 5 4  2 3 C 4 5  3 2 D 5 7  2 7 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

72. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. How do you express 5  5  5  5  2  2  2 in exponential notation? A (5  4) + (2  3) B 5 4  2 3 C 4 5  3 2 D 5 7  2 7 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

73. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. The tropical rain forest receives up to 400 cm of rain per year. The desert receives up to 25 cm of rain per year. Which of the following simplified fractions compares rainfall in the desert to rainfall in the rain forest? F 1/400 G 1/25 H 1/16 I 16 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

74. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. The tropical rain forest receives up to 400 cm of rain per year. The desert receives up to 25 cm of rain per year. Which of the following simplified fractions compares rainfall in the desert to rainfall in the rain forest? F 1/400 G 1/25 H 1/16 I 16 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter E3

75. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

76. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter E3

77. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter E3