1. Chapter 22.3
Rise of Modern Japan

2. 411 Key ideas: Essential Question: Isolationism and Japan
Treaty of Kanagawa
Meiji Restoration
Change in Japan
Essential Question:
How did Imperialism impact Japanese isolationism?

3. An End to Isolation
1800 – Japanese Tokugawa (military power) shogunates have ruled in Japan for 200 years.
Kept out foreign trade and missionaries
Isolated the country from contact with outside world
Formal relations only with Korea
Informal trading was with Dutch and Chinese merchants at Nagasaki.

4. Foreign powers approach japan
1853: Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S.
American fleet of four warships arrive in Edo Bay
Sought “to bring a singular and isolated people into the family of civilized nations.”
Brings letter from President Millard Fillmore
Asks for better treatment of sailors shipwrecked in Japanese waters
Requests the opening of foreign relations between the U.S. and Japan

5. Commandar Perry at Edo Bay

6. Perry returns for answer
Six months later Perry returns with a larger fleet for his answer
Some Japanese said contact would hurt Japan
Others wanted concessions (political compromises)
Under military pressure, Japan agrees to the Treaty of Kanagawa

7. Treaty of Kanagawa
Provides for the return of shipwrecked American sailors
Opening up of two ports to Western traders
Establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan
1858 – U.S. Consul Townsend Harris signs a more detailed treaty
Opens up more ports to U.S. trade
Exchange of ministers

8. Resistance to the new order
Resistance of new relations with foreign countries was very strong among the samurai warriors
Japanese fire on Western ships in the Strait of Shimonoseki
Westerners fire back and destroy the Choshu fortifications
Samurai sees need to strengthen their military

9. Shogunate system collapses
The Sat-Cho leaders demand the Shogun resign and restore power of the emperor
The Sat-Cho armies attack the Shogun’s palace in Kyoto in January of 1868
A few weeks later, the shogun’s forces collapsed, ending the shogunate system.

10. The Meiji (MAY-jee) Restoration
Policy of reform begins as Japanese leaders realize they must change to survive
Emperor Mutsuhito calls new
reign the Meiji
“Enlightened Rule”
Capital moved to Edo (present
day Tokyo)

11. Japanese politics transform
The Meiji leaders set out to create a modern political system based on the Western model and to abolish the old order.
In theory the emperor had all executive authority. Real executive authority rested in the hands of a prime minister and his cabinet of ministers.

12. Meiji Economics
Meiji leaders also set up a new system of land ownership.
A land reform program made the traditional lands of the daimyo into the private property of the peasants.
Daimyos, in exchange would get government bonds.
A burdensome tax was set on the landowners – 3% value of the land was the tax

13. Meiji economics, cont The government gave -
subsidies to needy industries
provided training and foreign advisers
Improved transportation and communications
Started a new educational system that stressed applied science
By 1900, Japan’s industrial sector was growing

14. Social structure
Meiji’s model was “strengthen the army” so they worked to improve the military
1871 – all Japanese men served for three years
The American model of education was adapted – elementary schools, secondary schools and universities
Emphasis still placed on loyalty to the family, community and emperor

15. Western ideas incorporated
Women could receive an education
Economy shifts from agricultural to industrial base
New social relationships are established
Western fashions become the rage in elite circles
Ballroom dancing and baseball

16. Downfalls of change
Commoners ere exploited in coal mines and textile mills
Some worked 20 hours/day
Conditions horrible
Worked in harsh temperatures
If workers tried to escape, they were shot

17. Meiji Restoration: Birth of Modern Japan
See page 700
Meiji Restoration: Birth of Modern Japan
Politics
Imperial rule reestablished
Capital moved to Edo
Most power in executive branch
(emperor, prime minister, cabinet)
Economics
Daimyo’s lands given to peasants
Many farmers, unable to pay new land tax, forced into tenancy
Industrialization encouraged
Social Structure
New imperial army created
Universal system of education developed
Western practices adopted

18. Joining the imperialist nations
1874– Japan starts to expand
Ryukyu Islands
1876 – forces Korea to open ports
1894 – China and Japan go to war over Korea
Japan’s ships destroy the Chinese fleet and seize the Manchurian city of Port Arthur
Treaty - Manchu rules of China recognize independence of Korea
Japan get Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula

19. Strained relations with Russia over Korea leads to war with Russia
1904 – Japan launches a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur
Russians agree to peace
Japan get Liaodong Peninsula again
Japan gets island north of Japan - Sakhalin

20. U.S. Relations with japan
Japan established a sphere of influence in Korea (see map page 702)
1905 – U.S. recognizes Japan in Korea, in turn, Japan recognizes the U.S. in the Philippines
1910 – Japan annexes Korea
Suspicions grow between two countries
President Roosevelt makes a “gentleman’s agreement” with Japan that stops Japanese immigration to the U.S.

21. Japanese culture Western literature penetrates Japan
Novels take on French style of realism
Japanese copied Western artistic techniques and styles
Some incorporated Western styles with traditional Japanese art
Japanese styles become fashionable in Europe