1. Evidence for Evolution

2. Concept Map Section 15-3 Evidence of Evolution includes
The fossil record
Geographic distribution of living species
Homologous body structures
Similarities in early development
which is composed of
which indicates
which implies
which implies
Physical remains of organisms
Common ancestral species
Similar genes

3. Fossils

4. Compare/Contrast Table
Section 17-1
Comparing Relative and Absolute Dating of Fossils
Can determine
Is performed by
Drawbacks
Relative Dating
Absolute Dating
Age of fossil with respect to another rock or fossil (that is, older or younger)
Age of a fossil in years
Comparing depth of a fossil’s source stratum to the position of a reference fossil or rock
Determining the relative amounts of a radioactive isotope and nonradioactive isotope in a specimen
Imprecision and limitations of age data
Difficulty of radioassay laboratory methods
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5. Figure 17-2 Formation of a Fossil
Section 17-1
Water carries small rock particles to lakes and seas.
Dead organisms are buried by layers of sediment, which forms new rock.
The preserved remains may later be discovered and studied.
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6. Geographic Distribution of Living Species
Section 15-3
Beaver
Beaver
Muskrat
Beaver and Muskrat
Coypu
Capybara
Coypu and Capybara
NORTH AMERICA
Muskrat
Capybara
SOUTH AMERICA
Coypu

7. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
Example: Many pouched mammals (marsupials) in Australia
Few placental mammals
( deer, squirrels)

8. SIMILARITIES IN STRUCTURE
Homologous structures

9. Homologous Body Structures
Section 15-3
Bird
Mammals
Turtle
Alligator
Typical primitive fish

10. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES

11. SIMILARITIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Similar development
in embryos

13. The Process of Speciation
Section 16-3
A. Isolating Mechanisms
1. Behavioral Isolation
2. Geographic Isolation
3. Temporal Isolation
B. Testing Natural Selection in Nature
1. Variation
2. Natural Selection
3. Rapid Evolution

14. Reproductive Isolation
results from
Isolating mechanisms
which include
Behavioral isolation
Temporal isolation
Geographic isolation
produced by
produced by
produced by
Behavioral differences
Different mating times
Physical separation
which result in
Independently evolving populations
which result in
Formation of new species

15. Evolution of Life Concept Map Section 17-2 Go to Section:
Early Earth was hot; atmosphere contained poisonous gases.
Earth cooled and oceans condensed.
Simple organic molecules may have formed in the oceans..
Small sequences of RNA may have formed and replicated.
First prokaryotes may have formed when RNA or DNA was enclosed in microspheres.
Later prokaryotes were photosynthetic and produced oxygen.
An oxygenated atmosphere capped by the ozone layer protected Earth.
First eukaryotes may have been communities of prokaryotes.
Multicellular eukaryotes evolved.
Sexual reproduction increased genetic variability, hastening evolution.
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16. Geologic Time Scale with Key Events
Section 17-3
Era
Period
Time
(millions of years ago)
Key Events
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Precambrian
Time
Quaternary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
1.8–present
65–1.8
145–65
208–145
245–208
290–245
363–290
410–363
440–410
505–440
544–505
650–544
Glaciations; mammals increased; humans
Mammals diversified; grasses
Aquatic reptiles diversified; flowering plants; mass extinction
Dinosaurs diversified; birds
Dinosaurs; small mammals; cone-bearing plants
Reptiles diversified; seed plants; mass extinction
Reptiles; winged insects diversified; coal swamps
Fishes diversified; land vertebrates (primitive amphibians)
Land plants; land animals (arthropods)
Aquatic arthropods; mollusks; vertebrates (jawless fishes)
Marine invertebrates diversified; most animal phyla evolved
Anaerobic, then photosynthetic prokaryotes; eukaryotes, then multicellular life
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17. C. Convergent Evolution D. Coevolution E. Punctuated Equilibrium
Section Outline
Patterns of Evolution
A. Mass Extinctions
B. Adaptive Radiation
C. Convergent Evolution
D. Coevolution
E. Punctuated Equilibrium
F. Developmental Genes and Body Plans
Section 17-4
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18. Flowchart Section 17-4 Species Go to Section: that are Unrelated
form in
under
under in in
Inter-relationshiops
Similar environments
Intense environmental pressure
Small populations
Different environments
can undergo
can undergo
can undergo
can undergo
can undergo
Coevolution
Convergent evolution
Extinction
Punctuated equilibrium
Adaptive radiation
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