1. LISTENING Do you hear what I hear?

2. LISTENING The deliberate, psychological process by which we receive, understand, and retain aural stimuli.

3. HEARING VS LISTENING HEARING IS A BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, BASED IN THE MECHANISMS OF THE EARS, PASSIVE IN NATURE LISTENING IS A COGNITIVE ACTIVITY, REQUIRING EFFORT AND ENERGY

4. SELECTION IN LISTENING SELECTIVE EXPOSURE – DO WE EXPOSE OURSELVES TO WHAT WE DON’T WANT TO HEAR? SELECTIVE ATTENTION – TO WHAT DO WE “TUNE”? SELECTIVE PERCEPTION – WE HEAR WHAT WE WANT TO HEAR SELECTIVE RETENTION – WHAT DO WE CHOOSE TO RETAIN IN MEMORY?

5. Levels or Types of Listening Discriminative Appreciative Comprehensive Critical Therapeutic (empathic)

6. INEFFECTIVE LISTENERS Pseudolisteners (fraudulent) Monopolistic listeners Completers Selective listeners Avoiders Defensive listeners Attackers

7. Guidelines for Improving Listening Page 177