1. AP Statistics Section 11.2 A Inference Toolbox for Significance Tests

2. The four-step Inference Toolbox will once again guide us through the inference procedure.

3. Inference Toolbox for Significance Tests Step 1: Hypothesis: Identify the population of interest and the parameter you want to draw conclusions about. State hypotheses. Step 2: Conditions: Choose the appropriate inference procedure. Verify the conditions for using it. Step 3: Calculations: Carry out the inference procedure by calculating the _______________and find the ____________. Step 4: Interpretation: Interpret your results in the context of the problem by interpreting the p-value or make a decision about _____ using statistical significance. Don’t forget the three C’s: ____________, ____________ and __________.

4. z-Test for a Population Mean To test the hypothesis based on an SRS of size n from a population with unknown mean and known standard deviation, compute the one-sample z-statistic. To determine the p-value, compute the probability of getting a value at least as extreme as the value of our test statistic. The alternative hypothesis ( ) tells us if we are right-tailed, left-tailed or two-tailed. These P-values are exact if the population is Normal and are approximately correct for __________ in other cases.

5. Example 1: The medical director of a large company is concerned about the effects of stress on the company’s younger executives. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the mean systolic blood pressure for males 35 to 44 years of age is 128, and the standard deviation in this population is 15. The medical director examines the medical records of 72 male executives in this age group and finds that their mean systolic blood pressure is. Is this evidence that the mean blood pressure for all the company’s younger male executives is different from the national average? (Assume that the executives have the same as the general population.)

6. Hypothesis: The population of interest is We wish to test Where is Conditions: SRS Normality of : Independence:

7. Calculations: Interpretation:

8. Note: The data in Example 1 do not establish that the mean blood pressure for this company’s middle-aged male executives is 128. We simply failed to find convincing evidence that the mean differed from 128.

9. Failing to find evidence against H 0 means only that the data are consistent with H 0, not that we have clear evidence that H 0 is true.

11. Hypothesis: Conditions: SRS: Normality of : Independence:

12. Calculations Interpretation: