3. With prototyping, we begin to focus on a few ideas to develop so that we can re-engage users.

4. What is a prototype? Works like Interacts like Service/ Experience
Space
Story
Product
Looks like
While many people think of a prototype as a rough version of a physical product, prototypes actually span a much wider range of artifacts and experiences, and serve a variety of purposes for designers. This slide demonstrates the range of possibilities for prototypes—scope of what can be prototyped
Two points: prototypes aren’t just THINGS, and they serve a specific purpose.
Several pics from B. Moggridge Prototyping lecture from Transformative design. Product “looks like”: movie script:

5. What is a prototype?
A prototype is a tangible manifestation of a design concept that seeks to answer a specific question. At its essence, a (each, every) prototype is a small step to an answer (KILL ALL PICS BUT PINK)
This is a two-chambered bowl, but you can’t even pour anything in it, because this prototype sought only to determine the preferable handfeel of the bowl.

6. Why prototype? Understand Explore Communicate
Understand the problem space
Empathy work
Expertise gaining
Explore
Explore the
design options
Test to learn
and to decide
Communicate
With team, users, client, or investor
Use prototype
as sales pitch centerpiece
We will focus on prototyping to explore

7. FAIL EARLY and OFTEN
color
Big idea 2
Big idea 3
Big idea 1

8. H2 prototype: ID A VARIABLE
Looks
like…
Interacts like…
Works
Interacts like…
Works
like…
Looks
like…
Prototype with a purpose.
a prototype should be designed to answer a single question. The best way to do this is to ID a variable to test: Be explicit about the variable you are testing, and bring resolution to this variable. are you trying to determine how something feels? How it looks? How a mechanism works? How a person interacts with it? Bring resolution to the variable that you are testing.
The prototype you build will be very different depending on the question you’re trying to answer/variable you’re testing.
Best practice: bring multiple prototypes, only difference being a variation on the variable you’re testing.

9. H2 prototype: SCALE RESOLUTION
The resolution of your prototype should reflect where you are in the design process.
Early on, this means that all prototypes should be VERY rough!! This is important for several reasons:
it’s highly unlikely that you’ve reached a point that deserves a significant investment of your time/resources 
rough prototypes are easier to iterate on the fly—you want to be able to update prototypes based on user feedback, and the more highly resolved, the more difficult that is to do in the field
You’ll get more candid feedback with a rough prototype—if you hand someone something “nice,” even if they dislike it, they’ll feel obliged to give you positive feedback
You said you were reluctant to put something made of foam and duct tape into the hands of a surgeon, but IDEO did. The doctor was trying to convey what form the needed device should take, so a designer ran out of the room, threw this together, and went back and asked, “is this what you meant?” when the surgeon held it he was able to speak to what aspects of the design he liked, didn’t, what worked and what was needed.
first pass
final design
for Gyrus ACMI, ENT Division

10. H2 prototype: CREATE EXPERIENCES
Don’t just tell users about an idea that you have—a prototype is an opportunity for you to create an experience for your user.
Consider how your prototype fits into the context of the user’s life, and seek to place it in its appropriate context.
Are there important psychological/emotional/physical constraints that impact a user’s experience of your prototype? Make sure you create an experience that includes these!

11. prototyping a PROCESS

12. H2 prototype: LET GO Embrace v 0.0 Embrace v 1.0
Both physically and emotionally; put them in the hands of the user, and don’t get attached!
Prototypes are not precious—the feedback and insights they elicit are

13. HOW TO prototype
Prototype resolution should match the progress of your development
Identify the variable
you want to explore
Prototyping
Principles
Create
Experiences
Let go of your
prototypes

14. Time to get our hands dirty!
5 MIN: team: develop a prototyping plan
20 MIN: BUILD
5 MIN: prepare for sharing out to whole group

15. HOW TO prototype
Prototype resolution should match the progress of your development
Identify the variable
you want to explore
Prototyping
Principles
Create
Experiences
Let go of your
prototypes