1. Jeff Ely Angel Henderson THERMOELECTRIC SOLAR POWER GENERATION FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS

2. INTRODUCTION Team members include  Jeff Ely and Angel Henderson from the Old Dominion University MAE department,  Iseley Marshall from the University of South Dakota in material science,  Dr Jin Ho Kang research staff at the NIA in cooperation with NASA Langley. And the help of a few other NIA and NASA staff

3. PROBLEM + SOLUTION Problem definition  Expensive maintenance  High deployment costs  Harsh environmental conditions  High sustainability requirement Design Criteria  Lightweight  Flexible  Cheap materials

4. WHY THERMOELECTRIC? Conventional photovoltaic's  Heavy  Fragile  Expensive  Sustainable Thermoelectric panels could be much better suited for space applications by improving each factor.

5. DESIGN CONCEPT  Light- weight  Flexible  Cheap materials

6. SPRING AND SUMMER 2011

7. TESTING PHASE Effects of each coating were tested individually on conventional thermoelectric modules at 1 sun intensity (100mW/cm 2 )  Control – no coating  Low emissivity top side  High absorptivity top side  High emissivity bottom side

8. TEST SETUP Photo of testing apparatus

9. TEST SETUP Thermocouple #1 Room temperature Thermocouple #2 3 inches above TE module Thermocouple #3 Top surface of TE module Thermocouple #4 Bottom surface of TE module Thermocouple $5 3 inches below TE module

10.  Programs Figures:  Real time data creates a graph with custom axes  Data stored in database in real time  6300 readings for temperature, voltage, and current. LABVIEW FEATURES FOR PROJECT

11. Figure 1-10 The lab view software that record the experiment data in real time

12. SOLAR CELL TESTING

13. EXAMPLE DATA AT 0˚C

15. THE COMING WEEKS

16. GANTT CHART

17. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Obstacles to overcome  Electrical grid slip  Small size  High precision requirement

18. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Use of Template  Bismuth telluride (n-type)  Selenium telluride (p-type)

19. QUESTIONS?

20. Flexible-Substrate Solar Arrays 20 SAFE MILSTAR Hubble UltraFlex on Mars Polar Lander Terra Olympus 1 (ESA) GE 20-kW Roll-Up Solar Array, circa 1973 ISS