Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Introduction to Organic Chemistry"— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Dr. Monira Al-Sheikh Dr. Noha Elnagdi

2 Course Number and Symbol: Chem. 108
Credit hours: (3+1)

3 What is organic chemistry?
ما هي الكيمياء العضوية؟ تعرف الكيمياء العضوية بأنها دراسة مركبات الكربون الهيدروجينية Hydrocarbons ومشتقاتها. وقد كان التعريف القديم للكيمياء العضوية أنها دراسة المركبات الموجودة في الكائنات الحية Organic.

4 غير أن هذا الاعتقاد سرعان ما تم تصحيحة عندما حصل فريد ريش فولهارد في عام 1828 على اليوريا (وهي مادة عضوية) من تسخين سيانات الأمونيوم.

5 Chemical Bonds & the Octet Rule
Types of bonds روابط تساهمية Covalent Bonds روابط أيونية Ionic Bonds

6 الرابطة الأيونية Ionic Bonds

7 الرابطة التساهمية Covalent Bond

8

9 Lone Pairs

10 Carbon atom can form multiple bonds, long chains, side chains and cyclic chains

11

12 REPRESENTATION OF MOLECULAR FORMULAS
Expanded Structural Formula

13

14 Structural formulas for dimethyl ether.
Expanded Structural Formula Lewis’Structure

15 Exercise 1 Given the skeletal structure C-C=C-C
And assuming that only hydrogen atoms are missing, (a) draw the correct expanded structural formula, (b) condensed structural formula, (c) the molecular formula and (d) bond line formula

16 Exercise 2 Draw the structural formula for the following:
C2H C2H C2H C6H6

17 Isomerism Structural Geometric

18 Structural Isomers التشابه التركيبي
Isomers - compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures Example: Butane and Isobutane

19 Geometrical Isomers التماكب الهندسي
Geometric isomers - compounds with the same covalent arrangement but different arrangement around a carbon-carbon double bond

20 Functional Groups المجموعات الفعالة
Functional groups – special groups of reactive atoms that carry out chemical reactions in many organic compounds.

21

22

23

24 Exercise 3 A) One alcohol and one ether correspond to C2H6O. Draw their structures B) One carboxylic acid and one ester correspond to C2H4O2. Draw their structure

25 ATOMIC ORBITALS المدارات الذرية

26 S-Orbital

27 P-Orbital

28 d-Orbital

29 Hybridization sp3 Tetrahedral sp2 Trigonal Planar sp Linear

30 sp3 hybridization in Methane

31 sp2 hybridization in Ethene

32 sp hybridization in Ethyne

33 Bond lengths of Ethyne, Ethene, and Ethane


Download ppt "Introduction to Organic Chemistry"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google