1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Let’s take a look back!
Photosynthesis: light energy makes glucose
Occurs only in plants or organisms with chloroplasts and chlorophyll
Carbon dioxide is taken in
Oxygen is given off
Requires light

2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration: chemical process where carbohydrates are broken down to be a quick source of ATP
Location: mostly within Mitochondria
Food  ATP

3. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Two Types: 3 Stages: Aerobic: needs Oxygen
Anaerobic: does NOT need Oxygen
3 Stages:
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain

4. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 3 Stages: Glycolysis = ANAEROBIC
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) = AEROBIC
Electron Transport Chain = AEROBIC

5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glycolysis: means “breaks down glucose”
Occurs in cytoplasm
Costs 2 ATPs to start reaction
Breaks glucose down to Pyruvic Acid
Makes total of 4 ATPs
At end of reaction, net of 2 ATP, and NADH (energy carrier)
NOT EFFICIENT

6. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

7. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)
Occurs in Mitochondria
Aerobic
2 Cycles occur at same time
Each cycle produces 1 ATP

8. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)
Yields (Produces):
2 Net ATP
NADH and FADH2
Carbon Dioxide

9. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

10. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Electron Transport Chain
NADH & FADH2 from Citric Acid Cycle unloads electrons at ETC
Result: 32 ATP is made
H2O also made

11. CELLULAR RESPIRATION END RESULT:
36-38 ATP made from all 3 Stages
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxygen is final electron acceptor
ADP is converted to ATP by adding phosphate group
But wait! What if there was not enough oxygen? Could cellular respiration still have taken place?

12. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
YES! Anaerobic Respiration or FERMENTATION takes place!

13. CELLULAR RESPIRATION FERMENTATION Both kinds only use GLYCOLYSIS
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic
Both kinds only use GLYCOLYSIS
How many ATPs does that mean they make?

14. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Lactic Acid Fermentation Anaerobic
Produces burning feeling in muscle cells
Occurs when body worked to point that more oxygen being used than taken in
Produces LACTIC ACID and 2 ATP

15. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Alcoholic Anaerobic
Carried out by some bacteria and yeast
Used to bake bread and make wine
Produces CO2, Ethyl Alcohol, and 2 ATP

16. Let us do some comparisons!
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Food ______________
Food _______________________
Energy from ___ stored in ________
Energy of ________ released
Carbon dioxide __________
Carbon dioxide ____________
Oxygen _____________
Oxygen ____________
Produces _______ from PGAL
Produces ___________________
_______________ light
______________ light
Occurs only in _______________ _________
Occurs in __________________

17. Let us do some comparisons!
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Food synthesized
Food broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy of glucose released
Carbon dioxide taken in
Carbon dioxide given off
Oxygen taken in
Oxygen given off
Produces sugars from PGAL
Produces CO2 and H2O
Does not require light
Requires light
Occurs only in presence of chlorophyll
Occurs in all living cells

18. Let us do some comparisons!
Fermentation vs. Cellular Respiration
Comparison of Fermentation to Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid
_____________
Cellular respiration
_____________
____________
____________
glycolysis (____________)
_________ (pyruvic acid)
_____________________
carbon dioxide
____________________
________ acid
alcohol
_________
___ ATP
___ ATP
____ ATP

19. Let us do some comparisons!
Fermentation vs. Cellular Respiration
Comparison of Fermentation to Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic
Cellular respiration
glucose
glucose
glucose
glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
alcohol
water
2 ATP
2 ATP
36 ATP

20. Check It!
The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called ________.
A. photosynthesis
B. cellular respiration
C. the light-independent reaction
D. the Calvin cycle

21. Check It! The three stages of cellular respiration are ________.
A. Carbon fixation, the Calvin cycle, and the electron transport chain
B. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain
C. glycolysis, the electron transport chain, and the citric acid cycle
D. the light-dependent reactions, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

22. Check it! Which of the following yields the greatest net ATP?
A. Lactic acid fermentation
B. Alcoholic fermentation
C. Calvin cycle
D. Cellular respiration