1. SPM 100 SKILLS LAB 4 C-Spine Immobilization, Hemorrhage Control and Simple Splinting Extremities Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT Clinical Skills Lab Coordinator

2. Blunt Trauma Acceleration – Deceleration MVC Falls Altercations

3. Penetrating Trauma GSW Stabs

4. Most Common Cervical Injuries Adult: C 5 – C 6 Child: C 2 - C 3

5. Brain Injuries: Direct Injuries:  MVC (Windshield)  Blunt Head Trauma (Stick, Bat) Indirect Injuries:  Airway (Obstruction)  Decrease in perfusion (Hypotension)

6. Spinal Cord Injuries Paraplegia – paralysis of both legs Quadriplegia – paralysis of both arms & legs Hemiplegia – paralysis of arm and leg on the same side

7. Spinal Cord Injury Statistics 11,000 Americans suffer a traumatic spinal cord injury 55% are between the ages of 16 and 30 (average age: 31.8) More males than Females (ratio > 4:1)

8. Common Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries MVC – 35% (Most common ) Violence-related – 30% Falls – 19% Sports-related – 8%

9. Hemorrhage Control Direct Pressure Elevation Pressure Point Tourniquet (rarely used)

10. Class of Hemorrhage

11. Types of Splints Rigid Board Padded Board Air-Inflated Traction

12. Assessment Post Splint Placement Pain Numbness or tingling in hand or foot Fingers or toes are cool to touch, change in color Loss of movement in fingers or toes

13. Types of Fractures: Closed fracture Open Fracture Comminuted Fracture Avulsion Fracture Greenstick Fracture Torus Fracture

14. Professional Conduct Introduce yourself Explain the procedure / examination to the patient Ask the patient if they have any questions Cover the patient with a sheet. Only expose area examining while performing a procedure/examination