1. Chapter 6 : Transition and Transfer predicates
Presented by: Lulu Nuradilla
Syifa Qoniatunnisa

2. Transition Express the going or coming from one place to another.
Predicates of transition:
The bus goes from Greenville to Stratford.
Carlo came to this country from Italy.
Others express the moving of something from one place to another.
Predicates of transfer:
3. Fenwick drives the bus from Greenville to Strarford.
4. Jane rowed the boat from one side of the river to the other.

3. Predicates of transfer:
Transfer includes putting and removing:
5. Squirrels are stashing nuts in that oak tree.
6. Thieves stole some money from the cash box.
And giving and taking away:
7. Ronnie gave Rosie some frlowers.
8. The accident deprived Alex of his livelihood.
Communicating something to someone through language is also a form of transfer:
9. Mother told the children a story.
10. Agnes is writing her mother a letter.

4. Sentence 1 tells of the movement of an inanimate object from one place, the source, to another place, the goal. Sentence 2 is similar in role structure, except that the entity moving in animate.

5. In English the source is most often indicated by from and the goal by to, as here, and they occur in either order. 11a He emerged from the dark cellar into the bright sunlight. 11b He plunged from the bright sunlight into the dark cellar. A sentence may express a Path, a place or area between the Source and Goal. 12 The bus goes from Greenville to Stratford by way of Compton. theme source goal path 13 The boat drifted over the water from one place to another. theme source goal path

6. To generalize, sentences with transition verbs have this argument structure:
The verb go in sentence one can be represented on a time frame like this:
go Time 0 Time +
Theme at Source Theme at Goal
14. The driveway extends from the street to the garage.
The predicate extend as they are used here, is verb of pseudo-transition.
The time frame for a predicate extend:
extend Time
Theme at Source and Goal

7. 15. Harrison return to his hometown from the big city.
return Time - Time 0 Time +
Theme at Goal Theme at Source Theme at Goal
Focus on Goal: Focus on Manner:
- Get - Creep
- Come - Rotate
- Go - Gallop
Focus on Path: Focus on Cause and Purpose:
Drift - Escape
Float - Emigrate
Fall - Immigrate

8. Transfer
16. Fenwick drives a bus from Greenville to Stratford by way of Compton.
agent theme source goal path
Fenwick bus Greenville Stratford Compton
17. The King banished the rebels from his realm (to another land).
agent affected source goal
These are shown on the timescales below.
Drive Time 0 Time +
Agent and Theme at Source Agent and Time at Goal
Banish Time 0 Time +
Theme at Source Theme at Goal

9. Acts that change location of both Agent and Theme are the following:
Focus on Manner: Focus on Goal:
- Drive - Bring
- Convey - Take
- Haul
- Drag
Focus on Aspect (involving some relation of time):
- Restore

10. Acts that change location of theme only are expressed in the following verbs:
Focus on Goal: Focus on Source:
- Push - Expel
- Pull - Evict
Focus on Path:
- Throw
- Lift
- Raise
- Drop
- Lower

11. We spread a red carpet from the sidewalk to the door.
(place X) (place Y)
Source Goal
19. The court restored the property to its lawful owner (from one who was not the lawful owner).
restore Time Time Time +
Theme at Goal Theme at Source Theme at Goal
20. The judge sentenced the convicted man to jail.
21. Our school awarded the trophy to Mille [awarded Millie the trophy].
The verb in sentence 21 has this argument structure, illustrated here for award:
award
agent=source theme goal

12. Here is a group of verbs that occur as predicates in sentences with this structure: - Give - Grant - Award - Hand - Bequeath - Lend - Bestow - Lose - Contribute - Sell - Donate - Submit - Entrust

13. 22. Millie accepted the trophy from our school.
The argument structure of verbs such as those in the number 22 is illustrated here with accept:
accept
goal theme source
Typical verbs that fit here are:
Get * Collect
Take * Inherit
Accept * Obtain
Acquire * Receive
Borrow * Steal

14. 23. This gift is for you from your fellow team members
23 . This gift is for you from your fellow team members. If there is no verb-only forms of be-for introduces the goal. for theme goal source A few predicates, most notably march and walk, occur with meanings of transition (24a and 25a) and meanings of transfer (24b and 25b). 24a The platoon marched to the parade-ground. 25b The sergeant marched the platoon to the parade-ground. 24a Laura walked home. 25b Fred walked Laura home.

15. 24a, 25a: march, walk actor goal platoon parade ground Laura home 24b, 25b: march, walk agent actor goal sergeant platoon parade-ground Fred Laura home

16. Some transfer predicates undergo interesting changes in the way the accompaying arguments are presented. Compare load and pack in the following. 26a We loaded lumber on(to) the truck. 26b We loaded the truck with lumber. 27a I packed some notes in(to) my briefcase. 27b I packed my briefcase with some notes. Sentences 25a and 26a tell of putting something in a place; that ‘something’ is affected by the action. actor action affected place 26a we load lumber truck 27a I pack notes briefcase actor action affected means 26b we load truck lumber 27b I pack briefcase notes

17. Summary
The thematic structure, or role structure, of a predicate is clearly related to its meaning, and predicates with similar meanings have similar thematic structure.
Predicates of transition have arguments in the roles of theme or actor, source, goal, and path. Predicates of transfer have the same argument roles plus and agent.