2.  El subjuntivo Realidades 3- Capítulo 3

3. El subjuntivo  We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

4. El subjunctivo  A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.  For example:  Recomiendo que no saltes de comida.

5. Paso a paso  1. Take the “yo” form of the present tense indicative  2. Drop the “o”  3. Add the opposite ending  For -ar verbs:  e, es, e, emos, éis, en  For -er/-ir verbs:  a, as, a, amos, áis, an

6. El subjuntivo  Verbs that are often followed by que + the subjunctive: l Prohibir l Querer (e > ie) l Recomendar (e > ie) l Sugerir (e > ie) l Decir l Insistir en l Necesitar l Permitir l Preferir (e > ie)

7. 2 Clauses El doctor sugiere que yo coma lentamente. Independent clause (stands on its own) Subject > Verb Separated by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own) Begins with the word “que.” Indicative Verb Subjunctive Verb

8. W- Wish/Want  Verbs that express a desire, including querer/to want, desear/to desire and preferir/to prefer, require the subjunctive mood  El doctor quiere que sus pacientes coman una dieta equilibrada para mantener sus cuerpos.

9. E- Emotion  Some verbs expressing emotion include esperar/to hope, alegrarse/to become happy and temer/to fear. They all call for the use of the subjunctive.  ¡Cuanto me alegro de que mi dieta esté equilibrada!

10. D- Doubt  Use the subjunctive with the verb dudar/to doubt.  Dudo que mi hermana vaya a evitar hábitos alimenticios malos.

11. D- Denial (Negar)  Negar/to deny is another verb that will always require the subjunctive.  El doctor negó que estés resfriada.

12. I- Impersonal Expressions  When you use impersonal expressions like es necesario/es bueno/es malo, this is another occasion when you will need to turn to the subjunctive.  Es mejor que comas comidas con calcio y fibre en vez de la comida basura.

13. N- Negar  Although verbs like creer/to believe and pensar/to think call for the indicative mood, in their negative forms, Spanish speakers must switch to the subjunctive.  No creo que tengas fiebre.

14. G- General Expressions  The expression ojalá que will always require the subjunctive mood. Although the phrase is used to convey, "I hope that...", its literal translation is, "may God grant that...”  Ojalá que descanses un poco.

15. Irregulars  The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.  DECIR  yo form in present indicative: dig Ø  diga  digas  diga  digamos  digáis  digan

16. Try one!  Conocer

17.  Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound. El subjuntivo

18. buscar buscobusque pagarpagopague cruzarcruzocruce El subjuntivo

19.  caerse  decir  hacer  poner  salir  tener  traer Irregulars

20.  As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present- tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive. Irregulars

21. hacer hag-ohaga tener teng-otenga Irregulars

22. More irregulars  There are some common irregular verbs. We can use DISHES to remember them.  D-Dar (to give): dé  I-Ir (to go): vaya  S-Ser (to be): sea  H-Haber (to have): haya  E-Estar (to be): esté  S-Saber (to know): sepa

23. ¿Preguntas, dudas?