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Chapter 9 The Changing Economic Geography of the Restructured Metropolis
Spatial Evolution of the American Metropolis Current Metropolitan Trends The Causes of Activity Suburbanization The Structure of Today’s Suburban Space-Economy The Impact of Employment Deconcentration on Commuting Patterns Summary
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Spatial Evolution of the American Metropolis: Adams Model
Stage I: Pre Electric Trolley Stage II: Electric Streetcars Stage III: Automobile Era Stage IV: High-speed expressways to distant suburbs BUT Not all cities have been Through all these phases! S
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Spatial Evolution of the American Metropolis: Erickson’s Model
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Ullman & Harris Urban Land Use Model Alternatives
Similar To Erickson’s Third Phase
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Suburban Employment Trends Share of Total Employment
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The Causes of Activity Suburbanization
Centrifugal forces: congestion, high land values, high taxes Centripetal forces: abundant space, cheap land, lower taxes Development of Interstate Highway Network Deconcentration of manufacturing Producers “voting with their feet” - Tiebout
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Decentralization of Manufacturing Ratio of Mfg. Suburban % to Total
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The Structure of Today’s Urban Space Economy
Site (place specific attributes) versus situation (position relative to the region) Amenities as a factor in location Convenience relative to residential location Prestigious locations “Edge cities” – Joel Garreau Corporate Headquarters relocations into suburban space Manhattan: from 138 of Fortune 500 in 1968 to 29 in 1993 - Suburbs with 47 of Fortune 500 in 1965 and a whopping 233 of the Fortune 500 HQ’s in 1994. PSRC visions for Central Puget Sound
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General Polycentric Urban Form Model
Similar to PSRC Vision 2020 And the Update Vision 2030
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Impact of Employment Deconcentration on Commuting Patterns: Getis’ model & subsequent tests
Zone of Indifference Critical Isochrone Figures 9.7 to 9.12: Graduate increase in distance To Critical Isochrone And Maximum Commuting Distance Critical Isochrone: from 2 miles to 20? Max. commuting: from 6 to 30 miles? Frequency Commuting Distance Workplace
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Journey to work data from Derik’s Thesis
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Derik’s Thesis Data ? Zone of Indifference? ? Critical Isochrone?
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Issues in Summary Section
The reality of polycentric urban form Access by all metropolitan residents to growing components: central city poor Energy efficiency of sprawl – Growth Management in our region – but we’re rare Challenges to planners to provide efficient polycentric spatial forms
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