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2. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha, Karmveer Vidhyaprabhodhini, Madhya Vibhag,Satara Std. - 5 th Sub. - Maths ROMAN NUMERALS Unit - 13 ROMAN NUMERALS Sub. :- Mathematics ROMAN NUMERALS Std. :- 5 th Chapter no. 13

3. Roman Numerals

4. A Brief History of Roman Numerals Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome. This ancient counting system is believed to have started with the ancient Etruscans. The symbol for one in the roman numeral system probably represented a single tally mark which people would notch into wood or dirt to keep track of items or events they were counting. It would also be easy to write on a wax tablet.

5.  H H H How to convert Arabic numbers to Roman Numerals Roman numerals are written as combinations of seven letters.Roman numerals are written as combinations of seven letters. I = 1 V = 5 X = 10 L = 50 C = 100 D =500 M = 1000 The letters can be written as capital (XVI) or lower-case letters (xvi).The letters can be written as capital (XVI) or lower-case letters (xvi).

6. As a general guide Roman Numerals are made up by adding or subtracting numbers like this:-Roman Numerals are made up by adding or subtracting numbers like this:- 11=10+1 = XI 9 = 10 – 1 = IX11=10+1 = XI 9 = 10 – 1 = IX 40 = 50 –10 = XL40 = 50 –10 = XL If you want to say 1,100 in Roman Numerals, you would say M for 1000 and then put a C after it for 100; 1,100 = MCIf you want to say 1,100 in Roman Numerals, you would say M for 1000 and then put a C after it for 100; 1,100 = MC 900 =1000 – 100 so900 =1000 – 100 so the C comes before M = CM the C comes before M = CM

7. Some more examples:Some more examples: VIII = 5+3 = 8VIII = 5+3 = 8 XIX = 10+ 9 = 19XIX = 10+ 9 = 19 (Remember 9 is always = IX (1 less than 10)(Remember 9 is always = IX (1 less than 10) XL = 50-10 = 40XL = 50-10 = 40 XC = 100-10 = 90XC = 100-10 = 90 Try these on whiteboards:Try these on whiteboards: 7 = 12 = 15 = 20 = 7 = 12 = 15 = 20 =

8. Check your answers. 7 = VII 12 = XII 15 = XV 20 = XX

9.  Can you convert these numbers to Roman Numerals? Work in pairs, answer in the back ofWork in pairs, answer in the back of books – books – 17 = 22 = 26 = 29 = 30 =17 = 22 = 26 = 29 = 30 = 32 = 35 = 50 = So 40 =32 = 35 = 50 = So 40 = 44 = 49 = 58 = 60 =44 = 49 = 58 = 60 =

10. Were you correct? 17=XVII 22=XXII 26=XXVI 29=XXIX17=XVII 22=XXII 26=XXVI 29=XXIX 30=XXX 32=XXXII 35=XXXV30=XXX 32=XXXII 35=XXXV 50=L so 40=XL50=L so 40=XL 44=XLIV 49=XLIX 58=LVIII 60=LX44=XLIV 49=XLIX 58=LVIII 60=LX

11. Try these. 70 = 80 = 83 = 88 =70 = 80 = 83 = 88 = 89 = 100 = so 90 =89 = 100 = so 90 = 120 = 150 = 200 =120 = 150 = 200 = 300 = 500 = so 400 =300 = 500 = so 400 =

12. How well did you do? 70 = LXX 80 = LXXX 83 =LXXXIII70 = LXX 80 = LXXX 83 =LXXXIII 88 = LXXXV111 89 =LXXXIX88 = LXXXV111 89 =LXXXIX 100 = C so 90 =XC100 = C so 90 =XC 120 =CXX 150 =CL 200 = CC120 =CXX 150 =CL 200 = CC 300 = CCC 500 = D so 400 = CD300 = CCC 500 = D so 400 = CD

13. Some more large numbers to try. Some more large numbers to try. 600 = 700 = 800 = 1000 = so 900 = 1600 = 1700 = 1900 = 2000 =

14. Check your answers. 600 = DC 700 = DCC 800 = DCCC 1000 = M so 900 = CM 1600 =MDC 1 1700 =MDCC 1900 = MCM 2 2000 =MM

15. Last one. Can you convert 2010?Can you convert 2010? MMXMMX Now try to write today’s date. Day / Month / Year Day / Month / Year Well done. You are a Roman Numeral Converter!Well done. You are a Roman Numeral Converter!

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