1. Logo for Beginners
By Chris 9S

2. What are control systems
A control system uses microprocessors to control physical conditions.
This is used for:
Air condition
Central Heating
Medical Applications
Car Manufacture plants
Process Control

3. Physical Conditions (or variables) that are controlled by microprocessors are:
Temperature
Pressure
Humidity
Light
Moisture

4. What is Logo? Logo is a simulation of a control system
It uses a triangular turtle shape as its cursor
It is a program developed by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

5. Some Basic Commands fd= moves turtle forward e.g. fd 40
bk= moves turtle backward e.g. bk 50
rt= rotates turtle right e.g. rt 70
lt= rotates turtle left e.g. lt 90
pu= pen up
pd= pen down

6. How to make a square?
fd 80
rt 90 or
repeat 4 [fd 80 rt 90]

7. Repeat Command
The repeat command is used when you want to repeat a structure commands again and again e.g. any polygon
To use ‘repeat’ in logo, you need to know by what angle you need to turn the turtle.
You would need to do 360/(number of sides).
E.g. Hexagon angle= 360/6= 60

8. This means that you would do type in:
repeat 6 [fd 80 rt 60]
Note: don’t use these brackets: () and {}
Always use this bracket: []

9. How to draw a circle To draw a circle, you would type:
repeat 360 [fd 1 rt 1]

10. Variables
A Variable is a numeric data that can be keep on changing e.g. numerical data in a cell in Microsoft Excel.
Variables are useful when they are more or less amount of numbers appear e.g. clients in a cliental list

11. Variables in MSWLOGO
When using the repeat command in LOGO, you can change the length of the square without having to keep going to Edall and changing the length
Ex. If you would want to do a square, copu into edall:
To square :length
repeat 4 [fd :length rt 90]
end
To make the square of length 100 you insert “square 100” in the command box

12. Where to get MSWLOGO This Website: http://mswlogo.en.softonic.com/
Its free and virus-free!