1. Chemistry of Life
At the Completion of this Unit, Students will be able to:
Identify and define the parts of an atom.
Demonstrate how to use the Periodic Table of Elements
C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
D. Explain the properties of water.
E. Summarize the importance of water in agriculture.
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules.
G. Explain the role of enzymes.

2. What makes up the chemistry of life?
A. Students will be able to identify and define the parts of an atom.
What makes up the chemistry of life?
The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom.
The Greek word atomos, which means “unable to cut”.
This word was first used nearly 2500 years ago by Greek philosopher Democritus.
Democritus asked a simple question “If you take an object like chalk and break it in half are both pieces still chalk?”
Yes, suppose you break the chalk down again and again and again. Can you continue to divide without limit? Or is there a limit? Democritus thought their was a limit.
Democritus called the smallest fragment the atom, a name scientists use today.

3. All LIVING and NONLIVING things are made of atoms
A. Identify and define the parts of an atom. .
Chemistry of Life
Atoms – the SMALLEST particle that can exist and still be considered a certain kind of matter (anything that has mass)
All LIVING and NONLIVING things are made of atoms

4. Atoms -- have three components
A. Identify and define the parts of an atom. .
Atoms -- have three components
ELECTRONS – negatively charged; surround nucleus
PROTONS -- positively charged; found in nucleus
NEUTRONS -- neutral; found in nucleus

5. A. Identify and define the parts of an atom.
Electrons
Protons& Neutrons (Nucleus)
Energy Levels

6. B. Demonstrate how to use the Periodic Table of Elements

7. C 6 12 Atomic Number = # of Protons and # of Electrons Chemical Symbol
B. Demonstrate how to use the Periodic Table of Elements 6
Atomic Number = # of Protons and # of Electrons C
Chemical Symbol
Carbon
Chemical Name 12
Atomic Weight=
# of Protons + Neutrons

8. No more than 2 electrons on first ring, No more than 8 on second
B. Demonstrate how to use the Periodic Table of Elements 6
Atomic Number =
# of Protons and # of Electrons C
Chemical Symbol
Carbon
Chemical Name 12
Atomic Weight=
# of Protons + Neutrons
Remember:
No more than 2 electrons on first ring, No more than 8 on second
P= 6 E=6 N= 6 (Atomic Weight- Atomic # = Neutrons)

9. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Chemistry of Life
Elements -- a substance that is made of only ONE kind of ATOM

10. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Major Elements of Life
C = Carbon
H = Hydrogen
O = Oxygen
P = Phosphorus
K = Potassium

11. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Major Elements of Life
I = Iodine
N = Nitrogen
S = Sulfur
Ca = Calcium

12. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Major Elements of Life
Fe = Iron
Mg = Magnesium
Na = Sodium
Cl = Chlorine

13. Where do we find these elements?
C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Where do we find these elements?
In all living and nonliving things.

14. Major Elements in Human Body
C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Major Elements in Human Body

15. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Chemistry of Life
Compounds – matter that is made of more than ONE kind of ATOM
Compounds are made by atoms sharing or taking ELECTRONS from the other atoms in the compound

16. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Compound Example
Water ( H2O ) – each molecule is made of two HYDROGEN atoms and one OXYGEN atom

17. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Water Molecule

18. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Chemical Bonds
The main types of Chemical Bonds in a compound are:
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds

19. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Ionic Bonds
An IONIC BOND is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

20. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Ionic Bond Example

21. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Covalent Bonds
A COVALENT BOND is formed when electrons are shared between atoms.
Single bond: Share two electrons
double bond: Share four electrons
Triple bond: Atoms share six or more electrons
MOLECULE. The structure that results when atoms are joined together by a covalent bond

22. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds.
Covalent Bond Example

23. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds
The Water Molecule
One atom of oxygen binds to two atoms of hydrogen to form H20.
Like all molecules a water molecule (H20) is neutral.
Water molecules are held together by a hydrogen bond.
Hydrogen Bonds are not as strong as covalent or ionic bonds.
The hydrogen atoms are attached to one side of the oxygen atom, resulting in a water molecule having a positive charge on the side where the hydrogen atoms are and a negative charge on the other side, where the oxygen atom is.
Since opposites attract, water molecules tend to attract each other, making water kind of "sticky."

24. C. List the major chemical elements and compounds
The Water Molecule

25. D. Explain the properties of water.
Cohesion is an attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Example: molecules on the surface of water are drawn inward, forming drops and beads

26. D. Explain the properties of water.
Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different substances.
Example: Water clinging to paper towel.
Capillary action is one of the forces that draws water out of the roots of a plant and up into it’s stems and leaves.
(Cohesion holds the column of water together as it rises)

27. Properties of Water Lab
D. Explain the properties of water.
Properties of Water Lab

28. Why is water so important to agriculture?
E. Summarize the importance of water in agriculture.
Why is water so important to agriculture?
At least 75% of animal body mass is water
Plants contain 70-80% water
Transports nutrients and wastes

29. Why is water so important to agriculture?
E. Summarize the importance of water in agriculture.
Why is water so important to agriculture?
Dissolves compounds -- “Universal Solvent”
Regulates body temperature in animals
Provides structure for plants

30. E. Summarize the importance of water in agriculture.
What is this?

31. E. Summarize the importance of water in agriculture.

32. How much milk does she produce daily?
E. Summarize the importance of water in agriculture.
How much milk does she produce daily?
pounds per day
8 pounds per gallon

33. How much WATER does a milk cow drink daily?
E. Summarize the importance of water in agriculture.
How much WATER does a milk cow drink daily?
2 gallons of water to produce 1 gallon of milk
Remember…
pounds per day
8 pounds per gallon
20-30 gallons

34. Macromolecules= A Very Large Molecule
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Macromolecules= A Very Large Molecule
Remember…
Molecules are structures that are made when atoms are joined by a covalent bond. Vs

35. Macromolecules= A Very Large Molecule
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Macromolecules= A Very Large Molecule
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

36. Carbohydrates Provide energy Three Types Monosaccharides Disaccharides
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Provide energy
Three Types
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

37. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides simple SUGAR contain C6H12O6
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
simple SUGAR
contain C6H12O6
Examples: GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, AND GALACTOSE

38. Carbohydrates Disaccharides double SUGAR contain two RINGS
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Disaccharides
double SUGAR
contain two RINGS
SUCROSE and LACTOSE

39. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides complex CARBOHYDRATES
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
complex CARBOHYDRATES
made of RINGS of SUGAR
Example: STARCH, CELLULOSE, and GLYCOGEN

40. F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules

41. Proteins STRUCTURE and FUNCTION Made of H, O, C, N
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Proteins
STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
Made of H, O, C, N

42. Proteins Structure of Proteins Amino Acids – building BLOCKS
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Proteins
Structure of Proteins
Amino Acids – building BLOCKS
20 different kinds – all have the same elements but in different amounts
Polypeptides – chains of AMINO ACIDS Joined by peptide bonds
Proteins – chains of POLYPEPTIDES
Used to make SKIN, HAIR, MUSCLE, ORGANS, etc.

43. F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Carbon Atoms
Chemical Bonds
Beef
Protein

44. Lipids FATTY molecules used to store ENERGY Do not DISSOLVE in WATER
Lipids have less OXYGEN than carbohydrates
Examples of Lipids are: FATS, OILS, AND WAXES

45. F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules

46. Nucleic Acids Store INFORMATION that controls CELL activities
F. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules
Nucleic Acids
Store INFORMATION that controls CELL activities
Made of a PHOSPHATE SUGAR, and a BASE.
Examples of Nucleic Acids are: DNA and RNA

47. G. Explain the role of enzymes.
Cells use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.
Enzymes must collide with enough energy to break bonds creating chemical reactions.
Chemical reactions create energy.

48. G. Explain the role of enzymes.
10,000 Pyramid Review
Get into Groups and determine Roles: In each group there are three rolls: player, clue giver, and teleprompter. The clue giver and player sit facing each other, with the teleprompter standing behind the player, displaying the fact cards one at a time to the clue giver. The clue giver reads the facts to the player, adding additional information as necessary to help the player guess the fact.
Play the Game: The game is played in rounds of sixty seconds each. When the player correctly guesses the information on a card the teleprompter places the card on the table. If the player is having a difficult time guessing a card, either the clue giver or the player may ask to pass to the next card. After each round the groups count the player’s correct answers and each group score is recorded on the board. With each new round everyone switches roles and the entire deck is shuffled for the new player. If there is more than three people per group have them decide how to rotate. Play as many rounds as needed to allow each learner to play each role at least once. Should a group get through the entire deck, the cards are shuffled and play continues.

50. Quiz
Name 5 elements on the Periodic Table along with their -Chemical Symbol, Atomic Weight, and Atomic Number

51. Quiz
1- What is an ionic bond? 2- What is a covalent bond? 3- Draw a diagram of what each bond looks like. 4- List 4 major elements of life

52. Quiz
1- What is PH? 2-Name 5 items we tested on Friday 3-What is a basic solution? (#’s) 4-What is an acidic solution? (#’s) 5- What # on the ph scale is neutral?

53. Quiz
1- What is adhesion 2-What is cohesion 3- What causes water on a leaf to form into beads? 4-Name 1 force that draws water out of the roots of a plant and up through the stem 5- Draw a picture of a water molecule

54. Bell Quiz:
1- What is a macromolecule? 2-Name 4 macromolecules 3- What helps with structure and function? 4-What macromolecule is NOT water soluble? 5- What macromolecule provides energy