1. 1 ICT s and Gender – evidence from OECD and non OECD countries Seminar Paris, 24 January 2007 Desirée Van Welsum - Pierre Montagnier

2. 2 Conceptual framework Source: Adapted from OECD, Guide to Measuring the Information Society (2005), and ORBICOM, Monitoring the Digital Divide… and Beyond (2003). Focus of this paper

3. 3 Percentages of Men and Women of working age in employment, non OECD, 2004 1. 15-59 instead of 15-64 years old 2. 2005 instead of 2004. 3. 2003 instead of 2004. Source: ILO Labstat database OECD average

4. 4 Percentage of employees in managerial posts 1 in selected OECD countries, 2004 2 Source: Based on European Labour Force Survey and March 2004 Current Population Survey for the United States 1. ISCO 88 category code: 120-123 and 130-131 2. Or latest year available. 3. For the 21 available countries.

5. 5 Share of women in ICT using occupations 1, selected OECD countries, 2004 Source: OECD OECD, based on EULFS and US Current Population Survey. 1.Broad definition based on methodology described in OECD 2004 Information Technology Outlook, van Welsum and Vickery (2005) and van Welsum and Reif (2006). 2.2003 instead of 2004.

6. 6 Share of women computing professionals 1, selected OECD countries, 1998 and 2004 percentage Source: OECD, based on data from Eurostat, Newcronos database, 2006.. 1. Computing Professional = ISCO 88 category code 213 2. 1999 instead of 1998. 3. 2003 instead of 2004.

7. 7 Share of women in selected ICT industries 1 in selected OECD countries, 2004 percentage Source: OECD, based on data from Eurostat, Newcronos database, 2006.. 1. Computing Professional = ISCO 88 category code 213 2. 1999 instead of 1998. 3. 2003 instead of 2004.

8. 8 Fields of studies (1) : Women relative specialisation in Computing index, OECD 2004 (1)Among tertiary-type A & advanced research programs (2)Japan & Luxembourg not available. (3) 2003

9. 9 Women researchers as percentage of total researchers (1) in 2004 (2) (1)Headcount. (2)Or most recent year. See corrsponding notes in the document.

10. 10 Gender gap in computer courses, selected OECD countries, 2005 Source: OECD, based on data from Eurostat, New Cronos database, 2006. Percentage of individuals who have taken a computer course in the last 12 months

11. 11 Evolution of Internet access gender gap in selected countries, 1998-2005 1 Source: OECD, based on data from national statistical offices and official sources, 2006. 1. Differences in percentage points between women and men internet use/acess; individual home access in Sweden, Internet use from any location in other countries

12. 12 Gender differences 1 in Internet usage rate in Korea, 2000-2005 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 200020012002200320042005 difference 30s difference 6-19 years difference 20s All difference 40s difference 60s or older difference 50s (%) 1. Expressed as women's internet usage rate minus men's. Source: OECD, based on data from National Internet Development Agency of Korea, 2006.

13. 13 Gender differences for selected internet activities in selected OECD countries, 2005 Sending and receiving emails is a very common activity (women minus men differences vary from +2 to -5%) Downloading software is more a male activity (women minus men differences vary from -8 to -29%) Seaking health information on injury, disease or nutrition is more a female activity (women minus men differences varies from +2 to +22%) (based on 20 OECD countries)

14. 14 Conclusion : a considerable room for policy to close the ICT gender gap ICT education & training ICT access & use ICTGender  Leaders & role models  Facilitators (intermediaries/mediators) ICT related employment

15. 15 Thank you Contact: Pierre.montagnier@oecd.org