2.  Identified Hot Spots Restaurant, Bars, Mall, & Dance Clubs  Collaboration Community, Agencies & Local Government

3.  Operation Cease Fire Collection of Information and enforcement of existing known, affiliated gang members activities  Crime Reduction Plan Enforce Curfew laws Anti-Graffiti Task Force Warrants being Served High visibility of law enforcement

4. Primary Prevention Identification of contributing factors Protection and Presence of public security Secondary Prevention Focusing developmental processes Intervention and Youth Education Provision of alternative activities

5. Prevention of Recidivism Monitoring activities Enforcing Probation & Parole Utilization of Task Forces Utilization of faith-based and community services Implementing program requirements Enforcing consequences for noncompliance

6. Though we know the things that work but it requires effective strategies including wide approaches which provide better opportunities such as conflict resolution training, education, mentoring, and safety. It can be implemented through community-based and integrated public health programs.

7. Source: Mercy, J.A., M.L. Rosenberg, K.E. Powell, C.V. Broome, and W.L. Roper. Public health policy for preventing violence. Health Affairs. 1993 (Winter): 15. V12 N4.

8. Data Source: Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency. 1993. (November). Urban Delinquency and Substance Abuse, technical report.

9. The 3-decade long search for effective strategies on preventing juvenile violence has finally paid off. The Public Health Model proved to be very useful and helpful in devising an effecting process and evaluation on prevention activities.

13. Barkan, S.E. (2009). Criminology: A sociological understanding (4 th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall Worral. J.L. (2008). Crime control in America: What works? (2 nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall The City of Newburgh, New York. (2005). Retrieved 08 28, 2011, from http://www.cityofnewburgh-ny.gov/police/Cease- Fire.htm.http://www.cityofnewburgh-ny.gov/police/Cease- Fire.htm Mercy, J.A., M.L. Rosenberg, K.E. Powell, C.V. Broome, and W.L. Roper. Public health policy for preventing violence. Health Affairs. 1993 (Winter): 15. V12 N4. Thornberry, T.P., D. Huizinga, and R. Loeber. 1995. Sourcebook on Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications