4. The thickness of lens in diagram 2.1 is compare to lens diagram 2.2
thicker
The focal length in diagram 2.1 is compare to diagram 2.2
shorter
smaller
The size of image produced in diagram 2.1 is compare to diagram 2.2.

6. Thickness of the spring wire
Maximum height reached by the ball
Relate :
Thickness and maximum height
Thickness and elastic potential energy

8. Relate depth of sinking and pressure
Compare depth of sinking :
Depth of sinking on diagram 3.1 is deeper than diagram 3.2
Compare load :
The load of diagram 3.1 is equal to diagram 3.2
Area on contact :
The area of contact in diagram 3.1 is smaller than Diagram 3.2
Relate depth of sinking and pressure
The deeper the depth, the higher the pressure
Relationship Pressure and area
When the area increaes,the pressure decreases

9. Explaination question
3 or 4 marks

10. Submarine on surface submerge ( 3 marks)
Ballast tank
Partly filled
Weight = buoyant force
Fill with water
Weight increases
Weight > buoyant force
Submarine submerge

11. Paper burns, convex lens, sun ray
The parallel rays of the sun will pass through the a convex lens
4 Heat increases, paper burn
2. After entering the lens, the light rays is focused at the principal focus of the lens
3. At the principal focus, the light ray is focused on one small area

12. Thermal equilibrium Heat  flow Hot to cold
Thermal equilibrium achieved.
Temperature of water = temp of thermometer
No more heat flow

13. High pitch , only C , low pitch until A
High pitch  high frekuensi
Short wave length
 will diffract until C
only
Low pitch  low frekuensi  long wave length

14. Sweat  cold  rotating fan
Sweat is being evaporated
Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is absorbed
Air movement velocity increases
Evaporation rate increases

15. Copper block  volume big Bowl copper  volume small
Small volume  small Uptrust small
Block sink because weight > uptrust
Sheet float because weight = uptrust

16. the surface of the board the shape of the board
Diagram below shows a sailboat.
You are required to give some suggestions to design a sailboat which can travel faster. Using the knowledge on motion, forces and the properties of materials, explain the suggestions based on the following aspects:
the surface of the board
the shape of the board
material used for the sail
the size of the sail
smooth surface / coat with wax
streamline shape
low density material
Wide size
water-proof material

17. Type of material used as the cap of the thermal flask
Type of inner wall and outer surface
The density of material used
Thermal strength of the flask
Modification
Reason
Plastic stopper
Reduce heat loss through conduction
Vacum space
Reduce heat transfer

18. Use flourescent lamp Energy saver lamp Adjustable stand
Reduce the heat from the desk lamp
Bigger cover with white colour
Design of the lamp desk
Safety features of the lamp
Connect earth wire
Energy efficiency of the lamp
Energy saver lamp
Comfort of the person who will use the lamp.
Adjustable stand

19. Capacity
Safety features
Power
Stability and other relevant aspects

20. Section B

22. variables Manipulated : depth of water ( real depth)
Responding : position of image (apparent depth)
Constant : density of water

23. Inference : Depth of water affect the position of image.
Hypothesis : when real depth increases, the apparent depth increases.

24. Aim : To investigate the relationship between depth of water ( real depth ) and position of image ( apparent depth)

25. Apparatus and material :
tall beaker, meter rule, pins, cork, water, retort stand

26. procedure Real Depth : start experiment with what depth??
Mention manipulated quantity :
Real Depth : start experiment with what depth??
Fill the beaker with water to a height of 20 cm

27. b) Method of measuring responding variable : apparent depth
With meter rule, measure the apparent depth.
Repeat experiment :
Repeat experiment with different depth such as : 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm.

28. Tabulate data 20 30 40 50 60 Real depth / D ( cm)
Apparent depth / d (cm) 20 30 40 50 60

29. Analyse data
Apparent depth / d ( cm )
Real depth / D (cm)

31. mass variable Manipulated : Responding : Period oscillation Constant :
Number of oscillation

32. mass inference Period oscillation ____________________ affect
_______________________
mass
Period oscillation

33. hypothesis
mass
When
increases,
increases
period of oscillation

34. mass To investigate the relationship between and aim
period of oscillation

35. Apparatus and arrangement
Hacksaw blade, stop watch, plasticine and G clamp.

36. Method of controlling manipulated variable
Manipulate variable : mass
control : the first mass
Plasticine with a mass of 50 g is clamped.

37. Method of measuring responding variable
Responding variable : period
Measure pressure using : stopwatch
Using stop watch , measure the
time taken for 20 complete oscillation, calculate the period and record the data

38. Analyse data
Period / s
Mass / g 20 30 40 50 60

39. Graph
Mass / g
Period / s

41. force variable Manipulated : Responding : Extension of the spring
Constant :
Diameter of the spring

42. force inference extension of the spring ____________________ affect
_______________________
force
extension of the spring

43. hypothesis
force
When
increases,
increases
extension of the spring

44. force To investigate the relationship between and aim
extension of the spring

45. Apparatus and arrangement
Spring, slotted weight, retort stand, meter rule

46. Method of controlling manipulated variable
Manipulate variable : force
control : the first mass of slotted weight
Slotted weight of 50 g is attached to the spring.

47. Method of measuring responding variable
Responding variable : extension of the spring
Measure pressure using : meter rule
Using meter rule, measure the length of the spring .

48. Analyse data
Mass ( g)
Force ( N)
Length of the spring ( cm)
Extension of the spring ( cm) 50
0.5
100
1.0
150
1.5
200
2.0
250
2.5 20 30 40 50 60

49. Graph
Force / N
Extension of the spring / cm

51. Paper 3
Bahagian A

53. 1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
SECTION A : Question 1
1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________
1(a)(iii) Constant variable : ____________________
Temperature, 
Volume, V
EXAMPLE:
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship
between temperature, , and the volume, V, of trapped air. A beaker
is filled with cold water until the air column in the capillary tube is
totally immersed. A thermometer is put into the water to determine
the temperature of the water. The arrangement of the apparatus for
the experiment is shown in Figure 11.1.

54. 1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
SECTION A : Question 1
1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________
1(a)(iii) Constant variable : ____________________
Temperature, 
Length, l 1 2 l1
Figure 11.2 :
Temperature,  = 30 C
m.v
r.v
length, l = ………… cm

55. SECTION A : Question 1
1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________
1(a)(iii) Constant variable : ____________________
(depends on the experiment)
Which of the following is possibly a constant variable?
MISTAKES!!!  
A) Mass B) Thermometer C) Air   
A) Water B) Stopwatch C) Time   
A) Length B) Air column C) Ruler 

56. 1(b) Based on Figures 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6, determine l
SECTION A : Question 1
1(b) Based on Figures 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6, determine l
when  is equal to 30 C, 35 C, 40 C, 45 C and 50 C.
Tabulate your results for l and V for each value of  in the space below.
 / C
l / cm
V / cm3 30 35 40 45 50

57. Spot the errors! t1 t2 tmean T T2 l 17 17.6 17.3 0.87 0.76 20 22.4 22
SECTION A : Question 1
Spot the errors!
No unit! t1 t2
tmean T T2 l 17
17.6
17.3
0.87
0.76 20
22.4 22
22.2
1.11
1.23 30 25
24.6
24.8
1.24
1.54 40 28
28.8
28.4
1.42
2.02 50
30.8 31
30.9
1.55
2.4 60
Not consistence!

58. Spot the errors! l t1 t2 tmean T T2 20.0 cm 17.0 s 17.6 s 17.3 s
SECTION A : Question 1
Spot the errors!
Unit at the wrong place! l t1 t2
tmean T T2
20.0 cm
17.0 s
17.6 s
17.3 s
0.87 s
0.76 s2
30.0 cm
22.4 s
22.0 s
22.2 s
1.11 s
1.23 s2
40.0 cm
25.0 s
24.6 s
24.8 s
1.24 s
1.54 s2
50.0 cm
28.0 s
28.8 s
28.4 s
1.42 s
2.02 s2
60.0 cm
30.8 s
31.0 s
30.9 s
1.55 s
2.40 s2

59. Spot the errors! l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s 20.0 17.0
SECTION A : Question 1
Spot the errors!
Wrong unit!
l/ cm
t1 / s
t2 / s
tmean / s
T / s
T2 / s
20.0
17.0
17.6
17.3
0.865
0.748
30.0
22.4
22.0
22.2
1.11
1.232
40.0
25.0
24.6
24.8
1.24
1.537
50.0
28.0
28.8
28.4
1.42
2.016
60.0
30.8
31.0
30.9
1.545
2.387
Not consistence!

60. Spot the errors! l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s2 20.0 17.0
SECTION A : Question 1
Spot the errors!
No error!
l/ cm
t1 / s
t2 / s
tmean / s
T / s
T2 / s2
20.0
17.0
17.6
17.3
0.87
0.76
30.0
22.4
22.0
22.2
1.11
1.23
40.0
25.0
24.6
24.8
1.24
1.54
50.0
28.0
28.8
28.4
1.42
2.02
60.0
30.8
31.0
30.9
1.55
2.40
GOOD ANSWER!

61. 2) Write quantities and units on x-axis and y-axis
SECTION A : Question 1
What is a GOOD graph?
1) Starting at origin (0,0)
2) Write quantities and units on x-axis and y-axis
3) Has uniform scale
4) All points are transferred correctly
5) Draw one straight line and intersect
any of the axes
6) Distribute other points equally

63. Plotting the graph: on the graph paper, plot graph T2 againts l
Remember to write the quantity & units
T2 / s2
Remember to choose a good scale
Carefully transfer all points
Draw the best line . . . . .
l / cm

64. SECTION A : Question 1
BAD GRAPH!

65. SECTION A : Question 1
Accepted graph

66. SECTION A : Question 1
Rejected graph
more than 1 cm

67. SECTION A : Question 1
Rejected graph
more than 0.5 cm

68.   SECTION A : Question 1 Conclusion ab
A) a is inversely proportional to b 
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b a b
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b 
C) a is linearly increasing with b

69.   SECTION A : Question 1 Conclusion ab
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b 
C) a is linearly increasing with b a
1/b 
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to 1/b
C) a is linearly increasing with 1/b

70.   SECTION A : Question 2 2(a)(i) Relationship ab
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b 
C) a is linearly increasing with b a
1/b 
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to 1/b
C) a is linearly increasing with 1/b

71.   SECTION A : Question 2 2(a)(i) Relationship ab
A) a is inversely proportional to b 
B) a is directly proportional to b
C) a is linearly increasing with b a b
A) a is inversely proportional to b
B) a is directly proportional to b 
C) a is linearly increasing with b

72. SECTION A : Question 2
2(a)(ii) Determine Corresponding Value : determine the value of P when h = 3.0 cm
P / Nm-2 
P = 4.0 Nm-2
4.0
3.0 
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
h / cm

73.    SECTION A : Question 2
2(a)(ii) Determine Corresponding Value : determine the value of m when  is 4.0
 / C 
1/m = 0.3 g-1
4.0 
m = 3.3 g
3.0 
2.0
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
1/m / g-1

74.    Triangle must at least 4 x 5 Checked substitution Remember unit
SECTION A : Question 2
Triangle must at least 4 x 5
Checked substitution
2(b)(i) Determine Gradient y
Remember unit
 / C 
Gradient, l = 4.0 C
0.4 g-1
4.0 x 
3.0
l = 10.0 C g 
2.0
Gradient must be in decimal
number. No fraction.
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1/m / g-1

75. 2(b)(ii) Calculation problem (involving the gradient)
Heat produce from an experiment can be determine by using the fomula Q = ml, Where l is the gradient and m is the mass. Calculate the value of heat when mass is 2.0 kg.

76. SECTION A : Question 2
2(c) Calculation problem
Reminder!
1) Check for the conversion of units
2) Substitute figures at the correct places
3) Write the final answer in decimal number (Do not give the answer in fraction!!!)
4) Do not forget the UNIT

77. Q = ml Gradient : l = 10.0 J g-1 Q = 2 x 10 Q = 2 000 x 10
J kg-1
Gradient : l = 10.0 J g-1
Mass = 2 kg
Q = 2 x 10
2000 g
Q = x 10
Q = 2 x 104 J
= 20 kJ

78. method reason SECTION A : Question 2 2(d) Precaution Reminder!
1) It is NOT SAFETY PRECAUTION!!!
Take few readings and find the average
to reduce random error
Position of eyes is perpendicular to the scale
to avoid parallax error

79. Chapter by chapter

80. 2.1 Analysing LinearMotion :
distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration
2.2 Analysing MotionGraphs : interpret and analyse graph
2.3 Understanding Inertia :
explain what inertia is.
relate mass to inertia.
give examples of situations involving inertia.
suggest ways to reduce the negative effects
of inertia

81. 2.4 Analysing Momentum :
define the momentum of an object.
define momentum, p as the product of mass,
m and velocity, v, i.e. p = mv.
state the principle of conservation of
momentum.
describe applications of conservation of
solve problems involving momentum

82. Understanding the effects of a Force
determine the relationship between force,
mass and acceleration, i.e. F = ma.
solve problems using F = ma.

83. 2.4 Analysing Momentum
define momentum, p as the product of mass, m and velocity, v, i.e. p = mv.
state the principle of conservation of momentum.
describe applications of conservation of momentum.

84. Understanding the effects of a Force
describe the effects of balanced forces acting on an object.
describe the effects of unbalanced forces acting on an object.
determine the relationship between force, mass and acceleration, i.e. F = ma.

85. Analysing Impulse and Impulsive Force
explain the effect of increasing or decreasing time of impact on the magnitude of the impulsive force.
describe situation where an impulsive force needs to be reduced and suggest ways to reduce it.
describe situations where an impulsive force is beneficial

86. Understanding Work, Energy, Power and Efficiency
state that when work is done energy is transferred from one object to another.
define kinetic energy
define gravitational potential energy
state the principle of conservation of energy.

87. Understanding Elasticity

95. Paper 3
Section B

96. Answer for question 1 Manipulated variable :
mass ( of the slotted weight)
Responding variable :
volume of the slotted weight
Constant variable :
density

97. V0 = 27 cm3
m = 50.0 kg, V1 = 33 cm3, V = 6 cm3
m = kg V1 = 39 cm3, V = 12 cm3
m = kg V1 = 45 cm3, V = 18 cm3
m = kg V1 = 51 cm3, V = 24 cm3
m = kg V1 = 57 cm3, V = 30 cm3

98. Mass / g
Volume of water / cm3
Volume of slotted weight/ cm3
50.0
33.0
6.0
100.0
39.0
12.0
150.0
45.0
18.0
200.0
51.0
24.0
250.0
57.0
30.0

99. Answer for question 2 (a)
a)(i) a 1/x (ii) a = 12, 1/x = 0.5. x = 2.0 cm (iii) Gradient , m = 24
cm3

100. 2(b) λ= m / l = 24 / 20.0 = 1.2 cm 2(c) v = λf = 1.2 x 12
= cm s-1
2(d) The position of eye must perpendicular to the reading scale to avoid parallax error

101. Paper 3
Bahagian A

102. Graph
Force / N
Extension of the spring / cm