1. Slavery and the New World Presentation created by Robert Martinez Primary Content Source: America’s History, James Henretta, David Brody & Lynn Dumenil Images as cited. http://www1.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/images4/blockson_slave_trade_sm.jpg http://www.brockport.edu/~govdoc/slavery.jpg

2. Warfare and slaving had been an integral part of African life for centuries, in part because of conflicts among numerous states and ethnic groups. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/slavery/slave-traders-1.jpg

3. http://coestudents.valdosta.edu/adwynn/images/Slavery1.jpg

4. As the demand for sugar increased the demand for slaves (and the price Europeans would pay for them), skyrocketed. http://www.scv674.org/Coin%20Graphics/africanslavetraders.jpg

5. http://www.newyorkology.com/archives/images/Priscilla.nyhs.jpg

6. Supplying the Atlantic trade became a way of life in Dahomey, where the royal house made the sale of slaves a state monopoly and used European guns to establish a military domination. http://www.slaverysite.com/images/VILE-43%20-%20Mandingo%20Slave%20Traders%20and%20Coffle,%20Senegal,%201780s%20-%20Hitchcock%20site.jpg

7. http://www.northville.k12.mi.us/nhs/HistoryPage/00009640.jpg

8. “Whenever the Chief of Barsally wants Goods or Brandy,” an observer noted, “the King goes and ransacks some of his enemies’ towns, seizing the people and selling them.” http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/arab-slave-trade.jpg Chief of Barsally

9. Dahomey’s army, systematically raided the interior for captives, between 1680 and 1730, these raids accounted for many of the 20,000 slaves exported annually from Allada and Whydah. http://www.niica.on.ca/Diaspora/images/0A117.jpg

10. The trade in humans produced untold misery. Hundreds of thousands of young Africans died, and millions more were condemned to the brutal life of slaves in the Americas. http://www.wisegorilla.com/images/slavery/slavetrade.jpg

11. Men constituted two-thirds of the slaves sent across the Atlantic because European planters paid more for “men and stout men boys.” http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/slavery/graphics/slaveauction.jpg

12. African slave traders sold women captives in local or Saharan slave markets as agricultural workers, house servants, and concubines. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nwa/mammyk.gif

13. The expansion of the Atlantic trade went hand in hand with the increased business in slaves in Africa. http://www.uiowa.edu/~c016003a/mapslavetrade.gif

14. In Africa, as in the Americas, slavery was eroding the dignity of human life. http://www.slaverysite.com/images/VILE-43%20-%20Mandingo%20Slave%20Traders%20and%20Coffle,%20Senegal,%201780s%20-%20Hitchcock%20site.jpg

15. Africans sold into the slave trade experienced a horrible fate. Torn from their villages, they were marched in chains to Elmina and other coastal ports. http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/amistad_slave_trading_fort.jpg

16. From there they made the perilous Middle Passage to the New World in overcrowded ships. The captives have little to eat and drink, and some would die from dehydration. http://miley.wlu.edu/hist366/slave-trade.jpg

17. http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Schomburg/images/slaveShip1Big.gif

18. The feces, urine, and vomit prompted dangerous outbreaks of disease, which took more lives. http://www.raphia.fr/EN/images/films/passage3.jpg

19. http://www.jungnewyork.com/images/iaap1.jpg

20. “I was so overcome by the heat, stench, and foul air that I nearly fainted,” reported a European doctor who ventured below deck. http://www.itzcaribbean.com/images/rod_brown_middle_passage_art.jpg

21. Some slaves jumped overboard, choosing to drown rather than endure more suffering. http://www.raphia.fr/EN/images/films/passage1.jpg

22. Believing that “they would be made into oil and eaten,” many Africans staged violent revolts. Slaves attacked their captors on no fewer than two thousand voyages, roughly one of every ten Atlantic passages. http://www.recoveredhistories.org/images/passage-02.jpg

23. http://cghs.dade.k12.fl.us/slavery/antebellum_slavery/interstate_slave_trade/Image8.gif

24. Nearly 100,000 slaves died in these uprisings, and more than a million others, about 15 percent of those transported, died of sickness on the month-long journey. http://www2.potsdam.edu/mausdc/class/495/2002/Image5.jpg

25. Most died of dysentery or scurvy, others died of measles, yellow fever, and smallpox, which survivors often carried to American port cities and plantations. http://www.paradoxmind.com/1301/Colonization/middle_passage.jpeg

26. For those who lived through the Middle Passage, things only got worse. Life on the sugar plantations of Brazil and the West Indies was a lesson in systematic violence and exploitation. http://www.yorku.ca/yfile/photos/20041014/slaveship-crop.jpg

27. The slaves worked ten hours a day under the hot semitropical sun, slept in flimsy huts, and lived on a starchy diet of corn, yams, and dried fish. http://ginacobb.typepad.com/gina_cobb/images/slaves_in_cotton_field_1.jpg

28. And they were subject to brutal discipline. “The fear of punishment is the principle [we use]…to keep them in awe and order,” one planter declared. http://www.flickr.com/photos/10425099@N04/934771113/

29. http://www.erroluys.com/images/Rugendas-SlaveMarket.jpg

30. With sugar prices high and the cost of slaves low, many planters simply worked their slaves to death and then bought more. http://www.raphia.fr/EN/images/films/passage1.jpg

31. Between 1708 and 1735, British planters imported about 85,000 Africans into Barbados, but the island’s black population increased by only 4,000 (from 42,000 to 46,000) during that period, due to the high death rate. www2.potsdam.edu/mausdc/class/495/2002/slavetrade.html

32. http://img2.timeinc.net/ew/dynamic/imgs/050701/144528__roots_l.jpg