1. Plants

2. Botany
The study of plants

3. 2 Types of Plants
Nonvascular Plants : have no vessels, no roots, no stems or leaves
Examples: Mosses & Liverworts
Vascular Plants : have vascular tissue
Xylem: transports water
Phloem: transports food & nutrients

4. Gymnosperms Naked seeds Cone bearing plants Needle like leaves
Seeds grow on cones
Needle like leaves
Usually stay green year round
Wind pollinated
Examples: pine trees & evergreens

5. Angiosperms Flowering plants Seeds are enclosed in a fruit
Most are pollinated by birds & bees
Have finite growing seasons
Examples: grasses, tulips, oaks, dandelions

7. Angiosperms Dicot Monocot Have 1 seed leaf (cotyledon)
Parallel veins on leaves
3 part symmetry of flowers
Fibrous roots – branching
Examples: lilies, onions, corn, grasses, wheat
Have 2 seed leaves
Net veins on leaves
Flowers have 4-5 parts
Taproots – straight down
Examples: trees & ornamental flowers

9. Parts of the Plant Roots Water & minerals are absorbed
(Taproots vs fibrous roots)
Used to anchor the plant
Movement of water up to leaves is influenced by TRANSPIRATION

11. Parts of the Plant cont. Stems Support plant
Transport water through xylem
Transport nutrients through phloem
2 types of stems: herbaceous & woody

12. Parts of the Plant cont. Leaves
Photosynthetic organ of the plant, used to convert sunlight into food
Photosynthetic Equation:

13. Stomata Pores within the leaf that open to let CO2 in & O2 out
Guard cells open & close
Cuticle: waxy covering on leaf that prevents water loss

14. Flower Reproductive organ of the plant
Flowers are usually both male & female
Male part = STAMEN
Female part = PISTIL

15. Plant Reproduction Pollen is produced by the stamen
Pollen moves away from the plant via wind or pollinators
Pollen lands on the pistil of another plant & fertilizes the eggs within the ovary
The flower petals fall off, the ovary develops into a FRUIT that encloses the seeds
Fruits are dispersed in a variety of ways (wind or animals)
Fruits are not always edible, anything with a seed inside can be considered a fruit (helicopters, acorns, dandelions)

16. Asexual Reproduction in plants
Many plants can clone themselves called Vegetative Propagation
Strawberry plants & other vine like plants send out runners, which grow into new plants
Some plant clippings will grown into new plants
A Potato will grow into a new plant

17. How Plants Grow Germination occurs when a seed sprouts
Monocot have 1 seed leaf vs Dicot have 2 seed leaves
Perennials – live several years, reproduce many times, woody plants are perennials
Annuals – a plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season (grows, flowers, reproduces & then dies)
Biennials – takes 2 growing seasons to complete, it reproduces in the 2nd growing season

18. How Plants Grow Primary Growth – makes a plant taller at roots & stems
Secondary Growth – makes a plant wider or adds woody tissue
Tree rings tell the age of a tree, each ring represents a growing season
Vascular Cambium - area of the tree that makes more xylem & phloem & forms annual rings