1. 9.3 Continued… Concept 9-3 The greatest threats to any species are (in order) loss or degradation of its habitat, harmful invasive species, human population growth, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation.

2. Illegal Killing, Capturing, and Selling of Wild Species Threatens Biodiversity Some protected species are illegally killed (____________) for their valuable parts or sold _________ to collectors Globally, this illegal trade brings in an average of _____________ an hour A live, highly endangered mountain gorilla is worth $ 150,000 poached live $600,000

3. Fig. 9-17, p. 205 White Rhinoceros Killed by a Poacher Rhinoceros horns are worth $25,000 per pound Few of the smugglers are caught or punished and at least ______ of all live animals smuggled die in transit 2/3

4. Wild tiger populations have also dropped from an estimated ____________ individuals down to about __________ to ___________ Ex: The Indian or Bengal tiger is at risk because a coat made from its fur can sell for as much as _______________ in Tokyo Tiger experts predict that without any emergency action to curtail poachers and preserve their habitat, it is likely that _____ wild tigers will remain within the next _______ years 100,000 3,4005,100 $ 100,000 no 20

5. Individuals Matter: Pilai Poonswad Biologist in Thailand Visited poachers of rhinoceros hornbill _________ and showed them why the bird is worth more alive than dead Many former poachers now lead _________________ groups to view the birds bird ecotourism

6. Fig. 9-B, p. 206 The Rare Rhinoceros Hornbill

7. Rising Demand for Bush Meat Threatens Some African Species Indigenous people in much of West and Central Africa have for centuries hunted for __________ ___________ as a source of food Bush meat is “exotic meat”…such as gorilla, chimpanzee, elephant, hippopotamus, and an assortment of monkeys bush meat

8. Rising Demand for Bush Meat Threatens Some African Species Issues? Bush meat hunting has lead to the ____________ extinction of many animals Eating bush meat has also lead to the spread of fatal diseases such as ________________ and ____________ local HIV/AIDS Ebola

9. Case Study: A Disturbing Message from the Birds (1) One out of every _________ (12%) bird species is threatened with extinction…mostly due to the ______ in HIPPCO About ¾ of these threatened species live in ________________, many of which are being cleared in rapid rates 2009 - State of the Birds Report – by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey Reported that ______ of the 800 bird species in the U.S. are endangered or threatened 8 H forests 1/3

10. Case Study: A Disturbing Message from the Birds (2) Additional threats besides habitat loss or degradation? _____________ caught and drown in fishing equipment Millions of _______________ birds fly into power lines, communication towers, and skyscrapers Oil spills, pesticides, herbicides (The ____ in HIPPCO) Overexploitation (HIPPCO’s _____) …tropical parrots are taken from the wild and sold as pets Seabirds migratory 2 nd P O

11. Fig. 9-19, p. 208 Endangered Black-Browed Albatross Caught and drowned in fishing nets

12. Case Study: A Disturbing Message from the Birds (3) Birds are excellent _________________ ______________ because they…. Live in every biome Respond quickly to environmental changes are relatively easy to count Economic and ecological services Many birds play a role in _________________ and seed ______________ Bird extinctions could trigger a _______________ of extinctions environmental indicators pollination dispersal cascade

13. Science Focus: Vultures, Wild Dogs, and Rabies: Unexpected Scientific Connections Three species of vultures in India and South Asia were put on the endangered species list…. poisoned from eating cow carcasses containing the ______________ diclofenac Since vultures were not eating as many cow carcasses, wild _______ and ________ populations exploded due to the extra food source Dogs with _____________ increased….in 1997, ____________ people in India died from rabies antibiotic dograt rabies 30,000

14. Review Questions What type of illegal activities are reducing species numbers? How is eating bush meat causing both environmental and health problems? Why are birds considered good environmental indicators? Poaching, illegal trading and selling Local animal extinctions and the spread of diseases Live in every biome, respond quickly to environmental changes, easy to count