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6. Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources

7. Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources

8. Forest
A forest is an area of land with many trees. Many animals need forests to live and survive.
Forests are very important and grow in many places around the world.
We human beings along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our very existence.

9. The forest cover in the country is estimated to be 637,293 sq
The forest cover in the country is estimated to be 637,293 sq.km, which is 19.39% of the total geographical area.
Dense forest : 11.48%
Open forest : 7.76%
Mangrove : 0.15%.
According to the state Forest Report -1999, the dense forest cover has increased by 10,098 sq.km since 1997.

10. Temperature and rainfall are the two of the most important things for forests.
Forests can exist from the equator to near the polar regions, but the character of the forest differs greatly.
In cold climates conifers dominate, but in temperate and tropical climates forests are mainly of flowering plants. Rainfall is also a major factor.

11. Madhya Pradesh has largest forest cover in India.
Arunachal Pradesh has 2nd largest forest cover in India.

12. Chhattisgarh and Odisha are major forest covered states of India
Chhattisgarh and Odisha are major forest covered states of India.(Chandaka forest)
Western ghats are another forest cover of India. Kundermukh forest in Karnataka

13. Forests are classified1
Reserved forest 2
Unclassed forest 3
Protected forest

14. Reserved Forest
Reserved forest in India are terms denoting forests accoreded a certain degree of protection. The terms were first introduced in the Indian Forest Act 1927 in British India.
A large number of forests which came under the jurisdiction of government of India during the political integration.

15. First Reserve forest of India was Satpura National Park.
Land rights to forests declared to be Reserve forests typically required & owned by the GOI.
Similar to national parks of India or wildlife sanctuaries of India are declared by respective state govt’s.

16. Unclassed forests
These are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.
All north eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as un- classed forests managed by local communities.

17. An area recorded as forest but not included in reserved or protected forest
Ownership states of such forests varies from state to state.
These are the forest and wasteland and belonging to the government and private individual.

18. According to the classification by legal status this category includes all other forests, some of these are privately owned.
All village forests are included in this category.

19. Protected forest
A protected forest is a forest with some amount of legal or constitutional protection, or where the habitat and resident species are legally accorded protection from further depletion.
Protected forests of India were introduced in the Indian Forest Act, 1927 in British India and were retained after Indian independence.
The 17% if forests that are not included in the categories of reserved or protected forests, are called unclassified forests.

20. The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was largely based on previous Indian Forest Acts implemented under the British. The most famous one was the Indian Forest Act of 1878.
Protected Forest an area or mass of land notified under the provisions of India Forest Act or the State Forest Acts having limited degree of protection. In Protected Forests all activities are permitted unless prohibited.

21. Further, in a protected forest, the Government may issue notifications declaring certain trees to be reserved, or suspend private rights, if any, for a period not exceeding 30 years, or prohibit quarrying, removal of any forest produce, or breaking of land etc

22. Reserved forests, protected forests, unclassed forests more than half of the total forests have been declared as reserved forests.
They are regarded as the most valuable as far the conservation of forest resources are concerned. Almost one third of the total forest area is protected forest, as declared by the forest department.
This forests land is protected from any further depletion. These are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.

23. World map of
Global tree loss in

24. World map of
Global tree gain in

25. India’s Forest map

26. Karnataka Forest map

27. Ten countries with largest area of productive forest plantations (%)

28. Five countries with greatest total growing stock (%)

29. Wildlife Resource
Wild life resources include all animals, which grow and propagate naturally without any sort of human interference. They remain in wild form without any sort of friendly association with man. Invariably they are in forests.
Wildlife serves as a resource to maintain the ecological balance as well as source of entertainment besides acting as source to produce the meat, skins and other animal products.

30. The animal species like lion, tiger, cheetah, deer, bear, jackal and number of wild birds are included in wild life wealth.
Although 'wildlife' refers to any form of life living in its wild (uninterfered) or natural habitat, 'wildlife' in practice means a group of animals living in forests or other natural habitats.
It usually signifies the animals in wild form without being domesticated. Once upon a time, the present day domestic animals like cattle, horse, buffalo, cat, dog were in wild form.

31. Each species of wild life enjoys specific climate and specific agro ecological situation and therefore more acclimatized to such situation.
Most of wild animals are confined to specific situation. Their breeding and feeding habits are adjusted to such situations.
Wildlife includes several hundreds of types of birds, many types of amphibians, reptiles, mammalians and other species.

32. Based on the degree of threat rating on them, they could be classified as
Endangered
Species
Vulnerable
Rare
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Also under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Gradient fill, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Linear.
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Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 77, Green: 28, and Blue: 27.
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Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
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Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane, in the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Outer, click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row).
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Press and hold CTRL, and then select all three pictures. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click Change Shape, and then under Rectangles, click Round Single Corner Rectangle.
Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects, point to Shadow, and then under Inner, click Inside Diagonal Top Right.
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On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Gradient fill, and then do the following:
In the Type list, click Radial.
In the Direction list, click From Center.
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 153, Green: 57, and Blue: 55.
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 114, Green: 42, and Blue: 40.

33. Endangered Species
Their numbers have been reduced to a critical level pushing them to near extinction.
81 species of mammalians,
38 species of birds,
18 species of amphibians / reptiles are identified as endangered species in India.
Some of them are Nilgiri langur, clouded leopard, snow leopard, wolf, Himalayan brown bear, red panda, Asian elephant

35. Vulnerable Species Blue sheep
Their population is still abundant but their habitat is adversely affected. They may become endangered if their habitat continues to be affected.
Examples:
Gangetic dolphin
Blue sheep

36. Rare Species
They are such species - whose population is very thinly populated on a wide geographical area - affecting their natural reproduction.
Examples: Snow loris, Indian desert cat and wild yak

38. Facts about Forests
More than 5000 things are manufactured (such as, houses, furniture, movie tickets, books etc) from trees.
The oldest living tree has an age of 4700 years and it’s located in US.
In less than 100 years half of the entire forest range of the world has been cut. Hence, the whole area is now bare and unprotected.
More than 300,000 acres of forests were burnt in Indonesia’s East Kalimantan. Many are now suffering from smog related diseases for that.
Certain parts of Malaysia are showing a pollution index of over 500. It’s tremendously hazardous for human health.
100,000 and 200,000 hectares of the forests of Ethiopia are still cut every year. Still many are unable to cook their foods properly.
Three- quarters of the population of the entire world depend on wood as this is the main source of energy for them.

39. Over 1.8 million hectors of dry deciduous forest disappear every year.
23 % of the lands are covered by tropical forests but they are disappearing at rate of knots every year.
The central African forest has more than 8000 species of trees

40. “The Tree is a peculiar organism of unlimited kindness and benevolence and makes no demand for it’s sustenance, and extends generously the products of it’s life activity. It affords protection to all living beings, offering shade even to the axemen who destroy it” Gautama Buddha(487 B.C)

41. Presented by:
Randeep Singh

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