1. WARM-UP: THERE IS NO WARM-UP. TURN IN YOUR WARM-UP SHEET, GET YOUR MATERIALS, START WORKING ON YOUR PROJECTS. Ms. Culp – World Geography October 26, 2012 Projects are due at the end of the period! You may not make it up, you may not turn it in late. You will be graded on whatever you turn in today. You are to be working individually. You are to remain in your assigned seat – there is no moving around for any reason.

2. Coming Up… Monday:  Last day to re-test!! Tuesday:  Early Release – 1:30  CBQ Wednesday:  Happy Halloween

3. WARM-UP – FRIDAY RIDDLE! A MAN WALKS INTO AN ART GALLERY AND CONCENTRATES ON ONE PICTURE IN PARTICULAR. THE MUSEUM CURATOR NOTICES THIS AND ASKS THE MAN WHY HE IS SO INTERESTED IN THAT ONE PAINTING. THE MAN REPLIES, "BROTHERS AND SISTERS HAVE I NONE, BUT THAT MAN'S FATHER IS MY FATHER'S SON." WHO IS IN THE PAINTING? Ms. Culp- World History October 26, 2012 Today in History: 1985 - Whitney Houston earns her first #1 hit with "Saving All My Love For You" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewxmv2tyeRs

4. Friday Riddle A man walks into an art gallery and concentrates on one picture in particular. The museum curator notices this and asks the man why he is so interested in that one painting. The man replies, "Brothers and sisters have I none, but that man's father is my father's son." Who is in the painting? The son of the man studying the painting

5. Feudal System The feudal system was set up on a pyramid. Who was where?

6. Feudal System King – ruled the kingdom Lord – ruled the Manor  Was given the land for the Manor by the King – a FIEF – in exchange for military service and loyalty – HOMAGE  Created laws for the Manor and acted as judge Knight – served in the army of the Lord  Fought on horseback  Participated in jousting tournaments to prove worth of Lord and to practice for war Peasant – worked and lived on the Manor  They has no rights and could be bought and sold with whatever land they were working and living on  They had to give the Lord a large part of their harvest to pay for the right to live on the Manor and enjoy its protections

7. Manors Within each kingdom, there were manors. Manors were self-sufficient and acted as mini- kingdoms within the kingdom.  They were usually only a few square miles of land.  Usually between 15 and 30 families lived on each manor.  Manor house, Church, workshops, Peasant cottages, a mill Manors were headed by Lords. Lords were served by Knights and Peasants. Turn to page 326!

8. Women in the Feudal System The role of women was determined by the Roman Catholic Church (hereby referred to merely as The Church).  Women were inferior to men & were to obey men Women’s roles did, however, vary by social-status.  Noble women were expected to pray and do domestic chores such as sewing and embroidery  Peasant women were expected to work in the fields, tend the livestock and run the home There was an emphasis on extended families.  Large families with many children were the norm  Most families lived close to each other and were multi- generational

9. The Roman Catholic Church The original Christian church Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus, a Jew born in 0 A.D. Jesus preached forgiveness, mercy, love and sympathy for the poor and helpless.  He condemned the corruption and wealth of the Jewish church  Keep this in mind as we move through the Middle Ages and to the Crusades. Jesus was crucified by the Romans for claiming to be the son of God. After his death, his followers – APOSTLES – began to spread his message and as the religion spread through the Roman Empire, a formal church was established.

10. The Roman Catholic Church The head of the Church is the Pope.  The Pope is considered to be a successor to St. Peter, who was the leader of the Apostles after the death of Jesus The Church, like so many things, has a pyramid structure:  The Pope  Cardinals  Bishops  Priests, Monks & Nuns  Monks and Nuns live in monasteries, abbeys and convents where they spend their lives devoted to prayer

11. The Church During the Middle Ages, the Church was the single most powerful organization  Priests were considered nobles People were very religious and believed that the Church had the power to send people to Heaven or Hell People often left money and land to the Church in the hopes of buying their way to Heaven  The Church became Europe’s largest landowner!  Priests and bishops were some of the wealthiest people in Europe All classes of people had to pay a tax to the Church – a TITHE (usually 10% of whatever you earned) Religion in the Middle Ages

12. The Church Kings and nobles relied heavily on the Church for money, loyalty, power and education. Church officials were usually the only people who could read and write and so they could have great influence. What kind of consequences do you think there are to the Church having so much political influence?

13. The Church, Thinkers St. Augustine, 354 A.D. – 430 A.D.  Lived through the fall of the Roman Empire. Philosopher and writer. Put a lot of emphasis on the idea of Original Sin – all man has inherited the sin of Adam (taking the apple) and therefore has limited knowledge and limited power of will  His thinking influenced Thomas Aquinas and later, Martin Luther (Protestant Reformation)

14. The Church, Thinkers St. Augustine, 354 A.D. – 430 A.D. Wrote The City of God, in which he asked why God would let such a great empire fall.  Rome was merely a city of the earth and only the “City of God” in Heaven could last forever  Man must put faith in God because earthly understanding is limited.

15. The Church, Thinkers St. Thomas Aquinas, 1225 A.D. – 1274 A.D.  800 years after Augustine Philosopher and writer Most famous work is Summa Theologica, which is a summary of Christian beliefs  At the time, many thinkers and writers believed that the teachings of Greek philosophers, like Aristotle, were of no value.  Aquinas said that Aristotle did have value and that reason should be trusted just as faith is.

16. The Church, Thinkers St. Thomas Aquinas, 1225 A.D. – 1274 A.D. Believed in “natural law.”  Universal laws that are independent of any laws passed by the government. These laws are based on reason.  Reason says that we must do good to avoid evil.  Use the natural laws to evaluate the laws of governments (human laws)  If a human law conflicts with a natural law, it is not law and we do not have to obey. Believed that citizens have a right to remove a ruler who enacts unjust laws. Believed that a ruler’s power came from God and this power came through the people.