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Published byGodfrey Weaver Modified over 9 years ago
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Minerals – Chemistry Review
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Minerals are made up of different chemical elements bound together
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Elements An element is a substance that can not be made into simpler form by ordinary chemical means The smallest unit is an atom
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The Atom Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus Electrons are negatively charged and are located outside of the nucleus
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The number of protons plus neutrons gives the atom its atomic mass All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons
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Isotopes Atoms of an element with differing numbers of neutrons are know as isotopes
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Ions When an atom gains or loses electrons, it is known as an ion Atoms gain and lose electrons in order to have a full outermost valence shell
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Molecules When atoms bond, they form compounds The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule
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Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonds: Electrons are transferred between atoms. Metals give up electrons to non-metals Covalent bond: An atom shares one or more electrons with another atom
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