1. The Age of Exploration: Gold, Glory, and God

2. Motives for European nations to Explore the World
GLORY: to seek fame and fortune
GOD: to spread Christianity to the world and for some to finish what the Crusades failed
GOLD: reach the Spice Islands faster and cheaper; establish trade routes

3. Reasons for Exploration
Religious Reasons:
Europeans still wanted to Crusade against Muslims
Kings and Queens wanting to spread Christianity
Nationalism:
National pride to claim to be the first one to reach the Spice Islands by water (not the Silk Road)
Middle Ages:
After Black Death population increased and demands for trade grew
After Crusades Europeans were introduced to spices which improved food quality
Marco Polo’s open the Silk Road to Europe displayed the fine items that Europeans wanted
GLORY– GOD-- GOLD!!!!!

4. Europe CAUSED the EXPLORTAION Age….BUT WHY?!?!
Better Maps, used compasses, innovated telescopes
Better Ships: squire sails and new hull—strong enough to carry cannons
ASTROLABE: magnetic compass used to sail by the stars
Knowledge of wind patterns and tides
Printing press: better maps, share of knowledge of inventions, and discovery of new routes or contacts.
Astrolabe

5. Gold, Glory, or God?
The Portuguese yearned to find a sea route to India to miss the Arab “middlemen” who controlled overland routes, keeping prices of pepper and other spices high by keeping supplies low.

6. Bartholomeu Dias: Gold, Glory, or God?
A fierce, 13 day storm blew his ship off course rounding the tip of Africa. He only realized how far he had gone when the skies cleared.

7. Magellan’s Heroic Death
On an island in the Philippines, a native chieftain pretended to be Christian to enlist Magellan’s aid to fight a neighboring chieftain.
Once on the island, Magellan was attacked by the chief and his men. He was repeatedly wounded by natives armed with poisoned arrows and spears. He could have retreated and saved himself, but covered his fleeing men, fighting while the rest rowed back to the ships.
Magellan was the first person to CIRCUMNAVIGATE the globe

8. GOLD, GLORY, OR GOD?!?!?

9. Vasco da Gama God, Gold, or Glory?
In his first voyage, da Gama managed to reach Calicut in India (his goal) and sail home.
The ruler of Calicut, (Samuri) welcomed da Gama: “The devil take ye!” and was scornful da Gama had not brought valuable presents.
God, Gold, or Glory?

10. Pattern of Contact Trade
Europeans stayed and set up trading ports with new contacts
Created alliances with local leaders
Slave trade began: Portugal colonized Brazil –sent slaves from Africa to work on Brazilian plantations because Africans less likely to contact Native American diseases
--death of slaves trip to New World: 30%

11. Mercantilism TRADING PARTNERS:
Europeans stayed to open ports in the new established colonies
Materials came from colonies---merchants take materials to Europe—materials used to create products in Europe

12. Impact on the world by European Contact
Colonies set up by Europeans improved the life in Europe: slaves, furs, tomatoes, pineapples, turkey, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold, and silver
The only country to remain independent in Africa was Ethiopia
Whole civilizations such as the Aztecs (Mexico) were wiped out by explorers like Cortez
Native Americans had no immunization to European diseases (90% of population died)