1. 1.As much as you can, compare and contrast the animal and plant cell. 2.Compare mitosis and meiosis. 3.Translate to other DNA strand: GAC CTA GGT ACT 4.Translate to RNA strand (see #3) WARM-UP

2. Section 17.1 THE FLOW OF ENERGY

3.  7.a. Students know how to describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules (or atoms)  7.b. Students know chemical processes can either release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) thermal energy STANDARDS

4.  Thermochemistry: the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and changes in state.  Chemical Potential Energy: the energy stored in chemical bonds of a substance ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

5.  During a chemical reaction, a substance is transformed into another substance, with a different amount of chemical potential energy.  Heat, represented by “q”: energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between them ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

6.  Heat always flows from warmer object to a cooler object. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

7.  System: the part of the universe on which you focus your attention  Surroundings: everything else in the universe EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC

8.  Law of conservation of energy: states that in any chemical or physical process energy is neither created nor destroyed  Endothermic process: once that absorbs heat from its surroundings  In an endothermic process: the system gains heat as the surroundings cool down EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC PROCESSES

9.  Exothermic process: one that releases heat to its surroundings  In an exothermic process, the system loses heat as the surroundings heat up EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC PROCESSES

10.  Endothermic = “q” is positive  Exothermic = “q” is negative FIGURE 17.1

11. PRACTICE PROBLEM 1 & 2

12.  Heat flow is measure in two common units:  The calorie  The Joule  One dietary calorie = 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories)  The Joule is the SI unit of energy  1 J = 0.2390 cal  4.184 J = 1 cal UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT FLOW

13.  Heat capacity: amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1 o C  The heat capacity of an object depends on both its mass and chemical composition  Specific heat: amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of the substance 1 o C HEAT CAPACITY AND SPECIFIC HEAT

14. FIGURE 17.4 Water releases a lot of heat as it cools. During freezing weather, farmers protect citrus crops by spraying them with water. The ice that forms has a protective effect as long as the temp does not go below 0. Because it it mostly water, the filling of a hot apple pie is much more likely to burn your tongue than the crust.

15.  Q = mCΔT  Heat = mass x specific heat x change in temperature HEAT CAPACITY AND SPECIFIC HEAT

16. SAMPLE PROBLEM #3

17. SAMPLE PROBLEMS 4, 5 & 6

18.  Pg 24 17.1 Assessment, #5- 11, PG 27 #38-47 IN CLASS