1. The INGV (Catania Section) Network System: Use of broadband networks for real time volcanic monitoring techniques Danilo Reitano Terena Networking Conference 2006 15 – 18 May 2006, Catania Italy

2. Why INGV ?

5. What about Sicily? Sicily is a well known high risk region. Volcanic eruptions and seismic activities produce a wide range of risks to inhabited areas. Strong earthquakes and explosive volcanic activities have a deep impact on the local population and can also generate considerable economic damage.

7. Active volcanoes T he presence of Mt. Etna, the islands of Vulcano and Stromboli in the Aeolian Islands, represent natural systems suited to be studied with all the present technologies.

8. Seismic activity: 1983-1997

9. Volcanic studies By G. Lanzafame – M. Neri INGV - CT

10. The legislative decree n. 381 of 29 September 1999 founded the new Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, which become one of the largest European research institutions. The INGV main research fields are in geophysics, seismology and volcanology. The Institute comprises eight main Departments located in five main centres. Part of INGV are also two National Groups. In particular the Section of Catania studies all active volcanoes located in the eastern part of Sicily and regional seismic areas The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV

11. In 2002 the INGV started a new research and development division called the “Unità Funzionale Sala Operativa” (UFSO) The group is involved in monitoring and surveillance operations during regular activities and also in presence of volcanic and seismic phenomena. In order to provide a stable control and surveillance of interested areas, new monitoring techniques, based on real time processing, are used to understand volcanic activity and correctly evaluate hazard. The INGV Catania Section

12. INGV - UFSO The “Sala Operativa” supervises a Control Room located in the main site of Catania. All data coming from remote sensors are available in real near time UFSO staff: Data Acquisition Storage Visualization Web Publishing 24 Hours a day, 7 days a week

13. This monitoring centre is based on semiautomatic systems: all signals coming from remote stations are acquired, analyzed and visualized in real time, providing higher accuracy and robustness. All the obtained outputs are immediately available and are continuously compared with assigned thresholds to produce alert signals. The “Sala Operativa”

14. Monitoring and Surveillance http://www.ct.ingv.it How is it possible to record the “breath” of a Volcano?

15. The Key is: T o have a picture of the complete “state of health” of a volcanic area, and to be able to record in real time minimum pattern variations of volcanic activity, it is necessary to set up different networks around a volcano.

16. Monitoring Networks: continuous data recording

17. Seismic Network SP – BB – VBB Analogue and digital stations Radio and satellite transmission By INGV UFS - Catania

18. GPS, Tilt and magnetic measurements

19. Cratere di SE Voragine Km Bocca Nuova 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.8 Cratere di NE Telecamera Real time images EtnaVulcanoStromboli E. Pecora, E. Biale, S. Mangiagli, M. La Via (UFSO INGV – CT)

20. Real Time monitoring of strombolian explosions and lava fountain activity Thermal Cameras

21. SO 2, HCl e HF with FTIR technique on Mt. Etna, Vulcano e Stromboli. Plume measurements on summit craters Gas Measurements

22. Inside the UFSO, software development is one of the fundamental areas in devising new surveillance methods for volcanic areas. New hardware and software architectures have been planned to acquire, analyse and visualize on line data, providing higher accuracy and robustness.

23. Transmission Data Flow T he huge usage of hardware and software for real time systems requires a very large number of broadband connections.

24. Seismic Transmission Data Flow UFSO has developed a dedicated software to generate virtual drum recorders Wired Garr connections are used to connect the single nodes to the whole network. Seismic stations of INGV Catania use the Earthworm system to perform acquisition and near-real time analysis of the Sicilian regional seismic network signals. By O. Torrisi and M. D’Agostino

25. Video Systems The Video system is now able to guarantee: Real time video streaming Single frame acquisition Time lapse digital video

26. Time lapse generation Customized software realizes a video film of 25 frames per second (fps) but with time-lapse feature: every single frames acquired once every two seconds are represented in a single time-lapse film. 15 minutes of data acquisition are so compressed in only 18 seconds. Great advantage is given to expert personnel in order to evaluate volcanic activity observing 24 H/day image in a very short time.

27. Results Monitoring active volcanoes has been increasingly augmented by the “on line” multidisciplinary analysis of some physical and geodynamical parameters. This great amount of data is obtained with massive use of broadband connections. So reaserchers are able to study new dynamic/adaptative models due to real time observation of different phenomena.

28. Tremor and volcanic activity correlation

29. Modelling of ash fallout

30. Automatic system used for pattern recogniction of Stromboli explosions through the on line analysis of infrared images (Vamos) Volcanic tremor analysis

31. Danilo Reitano reitano@ct.ingv.it INGV Catania Section www.ct.ingv.it