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POWER SECTOR REFORMS Grid Operation and Control in the changed Scenerio
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Contents Load Generation Balance Electricity Accounting Real Time Trends ABT Feedback Inter Regional Exchanges Loading of Transmission Network
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LOAD GENERATION BALANCE
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LOAD DIVERSITY The unique load curve of different identities due to varied nature of load / requirements results in the overall load diversity.
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DEMAND ESTIMATION Availability = Own Generation (+) Entitlement from Grid (+) Bilaterals
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ENTITLEMENTS = Fixed Shares + Unallocated Shares
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FIXED SHARES Allocation to States from the Central Sector Stations in terms of Percentages which generally remain fixed. UNALLOCATED SHARES Allocation to States from Central Sector Stations in terms of Percentages which are changed on seasonal basis and / or under typical conditions as decided by Govt. of India.
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ELECTRICITY ACCOUNTING ABT vis-à-vis Pre-ABT Period
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Components of inter-utility tariff (Pre – ABT Mechanism) Fixed charges Interest on loans Depreciation O & M charges Return on equity Interest on Working Capital Energy charges (fuel cost) Incentives Surcharge & other levies No charge for reactive energy
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TENTATIVE COST FOR NTPC THERMAL STATIONS FOR THE MONTH OF DEC 2003 Station Fixed Cost Rs. Cr/yr (1) Average Fixed Cost Rs. Cr/day (2) Average Fixed Cost P / KWh (3) Variable Base Cost P / KWh (4) Variable FPA P / KWh (5) Total Variable Base Cost P / KWh (6) Composite Cost P / KWh (3) + (6) Singrauli364.590.99628.2767.987.8675.84 104.11 Rihand478.741.33065.83106.0344.7078.99137.41 Unchahar – I195.910.53573.3555.836.74112.77186.12 Anta GPS*92.920.25847.1360.5584.11144.66139.47 Auraiya GPS*160.200.44542.1761.9292.88154.80169.73 DadriGPS G)210.960.57637.2095.140.2495.38132.58 Dadri (T)416.781.15876.9790.5655.57146.13229.24 Unchahar – II--- 103.286.98110.26473.75 Dadrigas(L)--- 356.3471.21436.55 *Rates for mixed fuel (gas+ liquid fuel, naphtha)
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Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under Availability Based Tariff (ABT) Capacity charges Energy charges Unscheduled Interchange (UI)
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CAPACITY CHARGE Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.
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ENERGY CHARGE Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex-bus energy scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the following formula Energy charges = Rate of energy charges (paise/kwh) x Scheduled Generation (ex-bus MWh)
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Energy Charges (paise/kwh) for Central Sector stations (Dec 2003) Sl. No.Power StationRate (Paise / KWh) 1.Salal59.69 2.Tanakpur59.69 3.Singrauli75.84 4.Rihand78.99 5.Anta/Auraiya/Dadri GT95.00 6.Unchahar110.00 7.Dadri (Thermal)145.00
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UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) : Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI). UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled generation. UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.
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UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (UI) RATES Average frequency of 15 minute time block UI Rate (Paise / KWh) 50.5 Hz & Above0.0 Below 50.50 Hz & up to 50.48 Hz 8.0 Below 49.04 Hz & up to 49.02 Hz 592.0 Below 49.02 Hz600.0 Between 50.50 Hz & 49.02 Hz Linear in 0.02 Hz step
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FREQUENCY vs UI PRICE 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 51 50.950.850.750.650.550.450.350.250.1 50 49.949.849.749.649.549.449.349.249.1 49 48.948.848.748.648.5 FREQUENCY PAISE/UNIT 49 HZ 50.5 HZ 49.5 HZ 50 HZ 49.5 HZ CORRESPONDS TO RS.4.00 UI PRICE AND FREQUENCY
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UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGES (UI) I.E. DEVIATIONS FROM SCHEDULES Makes all the players in the grid self-responsive and enhances merit order. Good UI helps in improving frequency and enables one constituent to help the other (for meeting more consumer demand i.e reducing load shedding) UI provides the mechanism for on-line displacement of costlier generation by cheaper generation : ultimate optimisation.
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REACTIVE ENERGY CHARGES Under ABT, a reactive energy charge in paise/kwh is applicable. The charges would be @ 4.0 paise/kVARh upto 31 st March 2001 and escalated @ 5% per annum. This would be applicable for reactive power exchanges outside the 97-103% voltage band.
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REAL TIME TRENDS
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3 rd J A N U A R Y 2 0 4
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4 th J A N U A R Y 2 0 4
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ABT FEEDBACK
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Singrauli & Rihand 2555 2530 2491 2505 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02)Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabilityInjection Schedule Unchahar-1 & 2 691 687 599 653 500 550 600 650 700 750 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02)Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabilityInjection Schedule Dadri (T) 711 640 619 717 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabilityInjection schedule Anta, Auraiya & Dadri 1478 1336 1330 1636 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Average MW Declared CapabiltyInjection Schedule
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INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES
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HCDC Sasaram B-B HCDC Vindhyachal B-B HCDC Gazuaka B-B HCDC Talcher Kolar HCDC Chandrapur B-B Inter Regional HVDC Links
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100 MW ISGS Allocations 0000 to 2400 hrs 100 MW WBSEB to J&K 0000 to 2400hrs- PTC 50 MW GRIDCO to DTL-NVVNL 140 MW WBSEB to DTL 0000 to 2400-PTC 100 MW DVC to HVPNL 0000 to 1700 & 2300 to 2400 hrs-PTC 10 MW GRIDCO to HVPNL 0000 to 1700 & 2300 to 2400 hrs-NVVNL 440 100 50 MW DVC to DTL- PTC 450
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NR BILATERAL AGREEMENTS
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LOADING OF TRANSMISSION NETWORK
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ECONOMY OF REQUISITIONING FROM GAS STATIONS ON LIQUID FIRING Energy Charges (Liquid Firing) AntaRs. 3.20/unit AuraiyaRs. 3.00/unit DadriRs. 5.00 /unit (approx) UI Rates 49.5 HzRs. 2.80 49.4 HzRs. 3.08 49.3 HzRs. 3.36 49.2 HzRs. 3.64 49.1 HzRs. 3.92 49.0 Hz & BelowRs. 4.20 Tariff Regulation – Economy and Efficiency vis-à-vis Security
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