1. PCR The polymerase chain reaction

2. Crick and Watson – structure of DNA

3. A double helix with two antiparallel strands

4. “It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a copying mechanism for the genetic material.”

5. Ends 5’ end 3’end 5’ end

9. My gene: 5’TCACGACGTTGTAAAACGACGTCTATACCGAGCTCCTCTCTCTCTCATAGCTGTTTCCTGTGTGAA3’ I design custom oligonucleotides to the “sense” strand at the beginning and the “antisense” at the end Sense 5’TCACGACGTTGTAAAACGACGTCTATACCGAGCTCCTCTCTCTCTCATAGCTGTTTCCTGTGTGAA3’ Anti 3’AGTGCTGCAACATTTTGCTGCAGATATGGCTCGAGGAGAGAGAGAGTATCGACAAAGGACACACTT5’ “forward primer” 5’TCACGACGTTGTAAAACGACG3’ “reverse primer” 3’GTATCGACAAAGGACACACTT5’

13. http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/pcranim.html

16. DNA hybridization rate is altered by changing Temperature: template dependent Salt Concentration: can be standardized DNA concentration: can be standardized Time: can be standardized

17. Thermal cycler Peltier effect heating / cooling block Heated lid (prevents evaporation problems) 96 well plate format Microprocessor controlled thermal program

22. Real-time PCR Quantitative Fast High sample processing speed Very sensitive

24. Parasitic Worm Inoculation Levels Violet= 200 worms per root Red = 50 worms per root Blue= 20 worms per root