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Elbow Injuries in the Throwing Athlete by Ronak M. Patel, T. Sean Lynch, Nirav H. Amin, Stephen Gryzlo, and Mark Schickendantz JBJS Reviews Volume 2(11):e4 November 25, 2014 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Schematic illustration showing the anatomy of the elbow. Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Schematic illustration showing the six phases of overhead throwing. Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Schematic illustration (posterior view) demonstrating the valgus force on the elbow characteristic of valgus extension overload syndrome. Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Photograph illustrating the valgus extension overload test. Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Coronal slice of a CT scan of the elbow of a professional pitcher, demonstrating a stress fracture of the olecranon (arrow). Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Schematic illustration indicating the mechanical forces acting on the ulnar nerve during the acceleration phase of throwing (Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2014. Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Coronal MRI scan of the elbow of a minor league relief pitcher, demonstrating a tear of the flexor pronator mass near the proximal origin (circled region). Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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T2-weighted sagittal MRI scan of the elbow of a patient with chondral and subchondral changes associated with osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. Ronak M. Patel et al. JBJS Reviews 2014;2:e4 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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