1. The Nervous System Responds and Controls

2. What is the Nervous System?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nerve
It controls all of the activities of the body!

3. Sense Organs How are the sense organs related to the nervous system?
Stimuli received by the sense organs are sent to the brain and processed by it!

4. The Brain The brain has 3 main parts:
[1]
[2]
The brain has 3 main parts:
Cerebral Cortex (aka Cerebrum) [1];
Cerebellum [2];
Brain Stem [3].
[3]

5. Cerebral Cortex – The largest part of the brain
The Cerebral Cortex controls:
Your thinking;
Your memory;
Your speaking;
Your movements;
It identifies the information gathered by your sense organs!

6. Each area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for a specific function...

7. Cerebellum
The Cerebellum controls your posture, balance and voluntary muscles;
It contains about half of the brain’s neurons.

8. Brain Stem The brain stem controls digestion, breathing and heartbeat;
It links the brain to the spinal cord.

9. Neurons - Morphology What’s a Neuron?
A neuron is a type of cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling

10. Neurons - Function Neurons are connected through synapses;
Signals are transmited through a very complex network.

12. Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue that extends from the brain;
It rests in the middle of the vetebrae.

13. BRAIN TRANSPLANTS
“A brain transplant has already been done on a monkey. Actually, it was a whole head transplant, but the purpose was to prove that a brain could live in a new body. In 1970, Dr. Robert White... took the head of one monkey and surgically attached it to another monkey. When the monkey with the new head and brain woke up after the surgery, it tried to bite the finger of one of the doctors. It seemed to be quite healthy and lived for eight days”.

14. BRAIN TRANSPLANTS Do you think this story is true or false?
Do you believe this technique can be applied to human beings? In what circumstances?
Can monsters or chimeras be created because of such a technique?

15. What factors can change Neurons and their Synapses?
Drugs
Age
Accidents
Genetics
Shocks

16. The Nervous System is divided into...
Central Nervous System (CNS);
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

17. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Command center of the body.
It interprets incoming sensory information, then sends out instructions on how the body should react.

18. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
It is the part of the nervous system outside of the CNS;
It consists mainly of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to areas in the rest of the body.

19. Autonomic Nervous System
“Fight or Flight response”
It conserves and stores energy (integrity);
It responds quickly to changes.

20. Voluntary Nervous System
It monitors movement and functions that can be controlled consciously;

21. BRAIN IMPLANTS
“In the 1960s, a scientist named Jose Delgado inserted a small radio-controlled electrode into a bull’s brain. Delgado then went out to face the bull, much like a matador in a bull fight... Just as the bull was ready to gore Delgado, he flipped a switch on his transmitter. Suddenly, the bull skidded to a halt right in front of it. Delgado knew the bull would stop. He had put the electrode in an area of the bull’s brain that controlled how aggressive... the bull would be. When the transmitter activated the electrode, it shut down the aggressive part of the animal’s brain. The bull no longer had any interest in attacking him.”

22. BRAIN IMPLANTS Do you think this story is true or false?
Do you believe this technique can be applied to human beings? In what circumstances?
Can people be brainwashed (controlled) through an implant?

23. Remember that...
Your Science test is on Dec 06th, don’t wait till the last minute to start studying!!!