1. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
STANDARD(S) ADDRESS: Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
9-3
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
Describe the events of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency.
Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business.
Identify laws passed to protect public health and the environment.
Summarize Roosevelt’s stand on civil rights.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Section 3
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
As president, Theodore Roosevelt works to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms.
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4. SECTION 3: TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

5. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal3
SECTION
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
A Rough-Riding President
Roosevelt’s Rise
• Theodore Roosevelt has sickly childhood, drives self in athletics
• Is ambitious, rises through New York politics to become governor
• NY political bosses cannot control him, urge run for vice-president
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6. ROOSEVELT AND THE ROUGH RIDERS
Roosevelt grabbed national attention by advocating war with Spain in 1898
His volunteer cavalry brigade, the Rough Riders, won public acclaim for its role in the battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba

7. Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon elected governor of NY and later McKinley’s vice-president

8. McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist in Buffalo in September of 1901
When President William McKinley was assassinated 6 months into his second term,
Theodore Roosevelt became the nations 26th president

9. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal3
SECTION
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
A Rough-Riding President
The Modern Presidency
President McKinley shot; Roosevelt becomes president at 42
His leadership, publicity campaigns help create modern presidency
Supports federal government role when states do not solve problems
- Square Deal— Roosevelt’s progressive reforms
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10. THE MODERN PRESIDENT
When Roosevelt was thrust into the presidency in 1901, he became the youngest president ever at age 42
He quickly established himself as a modern president who could influence the media and shape legislation

11. Chapter 9: Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
A – What actions and characteristics of Teddy Roosevelt contributed to his reputation as the first modern president?
Roosevelt was an active, forceful, and energetic executive;
He used his position to shape legislation and to influence the media.

12. Using Federal Power 1902 Coal Strike 3
SECTION
Using Federal Power
1902 Coal Strike
Coal reserves low; forces miners, operators to accept arbitration
Sets principle of federal intervention when strike threatens public
Continued . . .
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13. 1902 COAL STRIKE
In ,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike for increased wages, a 9-hour work day, and the right to unionize
Mine owners refused to bargain
Roosevelt called in both sides and settled the dispute
Thereafter, when a strike threatened public welfare, the federal government was expected to step in and help

14. GUIDED READING: Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
coal strike
Called both sides to the White House to negotiate;
threatened to take over the mines
None

15. B – What was significant about the way the 1902 coal strike was settled?
From that point on the federal govt was expected to play a more active role in settling labor disputes.

16. Using Federal Power Trustbusting 3
SECTION
Using Federal Power
Trustbusting
By 1900, trusts control about 4/5 of U.S. industries
Roosevelt wants to curb trusts that hurt public interest
- breaks up some trusts under Sherman Antitrust Act
Continued . . .
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17. TRUSTBUSTING
By 1900, Trusts – legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies – controlled 80% of U.S. industries
Anti-Trust- legislation designed to prevent monopolies
Progressive party- political movement to change social and political accountability of govt.
Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act

18. GUIDED READING: Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
2. Trusts
Filed suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act against many trusts
Sherman Antitrust Act

19. 3
SECTION
continued Using Federal Power
Railroad Regulation
Roosevelt pushes for federal regulation to control abuses
- Elkins Act—stops rebates, sudden rate changes
- Hepburn Act—limits passes, ICC to set maximum rates
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20. Railroad Regulation - Hepburn Act—
limits passes, ICC to set maximum rates
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21. NO more Rebates - Bribes
Railroad Regulation
- Elkins Act— stops rebates, sudden rate changes
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22. GUIDED READING: Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
3. Unregulated big business
Urged Congress to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Act;
fought for passage of the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act
Interstate Commerce Act;
Elkins Act;
Hepburn Act

23. Health and the Environment3
SECTION
Health and the Environment
Regulating Foods and Drugs
• Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle—unsanitary conditions in meatpacking
• Roosevelt commission investigates, backs up Sinclair’s account
• Roosevelt pushes for Meat Inspection Act:
- dictates sanitary requirements
- creates federal meat inspection program
Continued . . .
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24. “THE JUNGLE” LEADS TO FOOD REGULATION
After reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906
The Act mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants
Muckraking journalist further exposed the meat packing industries.

26. Health and the Environment3
SECTION
Health and the Environment
Pure Food and Drug Act
• Food, drug advertisements make false claims; medicines often unsafe
• Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of contaminated food, medicine
- requires truth in labeling
Continued . . .
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27. PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT
In response to unregulated claims and unhealthy products, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906
The Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling
The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other harmful ingredients off the market

28. Cordial were among the most popular. Mrs
Cordial were among the most popular. Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup was one of dozens of such elixirs intended for infants. It’s safe to say many nineteenth-century opium addicts were women and children.

29. In fact, for many years, whiskey, cocaine, heroin and opiates were in everything and used for a cure all to end all.

30. C – What similarities did the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act share?
Both acts created regulations that protected consumers’ health.
Inspired by Upton Sinclair – the jungle

31. GUIDED READING: Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
4. Dangerous foods and
medicines
Appointed a commission to study the meatpacking industry;
pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act
Meat Inspection Act:
Pure Food and Drug Act

32. Conservation and Natural Resources3
SECTION
continued Health and the Environment
Conservation and Natural Resources
1887, U.S. Forest Bureau established, manages 45 million acres
Private interests exploit natural environment
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33. ROOSEVELT AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Before Roosevelt’s presidency, the federal government paid very little attention to the nation’s natural resources
Roosevelt made conservation a primary concern of his administration
Roosevelt, left, was an avid outdoorsman – here he is with author John Muir at Yosemite Park

34. Conservation Measures3
SECTION
continued Health and the Environment
Conservation Measures
Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries, national parks
Believes conservation part preservation, part development for public
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35. ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves
He also set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites and he established 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several national parks
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

36. Conservation preserving natural habitats for future generations

37. D – Summarize Roosevelt’s approach to environmental problems.
Roosevelt worked for conservation,
preserving some resources but allowing some to be used, too.

38. GUIDED READING: Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
5. Shrinking wilderness and
natural resources
Promoted conservation of natural resources;
set aside thousands of acres of forest reserves, water-power sites, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks;
named a professional conservationist to head the .U.S. Forest Service;
promoted large-scale irrigation projects
National Reclamation Act
(Newlands Act)

39. Roosevelt and Civil Rights3
SECTION
Roosevelt and Civil Rights
Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20th Century
• Roosevelt does not support civil rights for African Americans
• Supports individual African Americans in civil service
- invites Booker T. Washington to White House
• NAACP—National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- goal is full equality among races
• Founded 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois and black, white reformers
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40. ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS
Roosevelt failed to support Civil Rights for African Americans
He did, however, support a few individuals such as Booker T. Washington

41. NAACP FORMED TO PROMOTE RIGHTS
In 1909 a number of African Americans and prominent white reformers formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
The NAACP had 6,000 members by 1914
The goal of the organization was full equality among the races
The means to achieve this was the court system
1964 Application

42. GUIDED READING: Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
6. Racial discrimination
None or Appointed an African American as head of the Charleston, South Carolina, custom­ house;
refused to dismiss an .African-American postmaster in Mississippi;
invited Booker T. Washington to dinner
None

43. GUIDED READING: Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem?
Which legislation helped solve the problem?
coal strike
Called both sides to the White House to negotiate;
threatened to take over the mines
None
2. Trusts
Filed suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act against many trusts
Sherman Antitrust Act
3. Unregulated big business
Urged Congress to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Act;
fought for passage of the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act
Interstate Commerce Act;
Elkins Act;
Hepburn Act
4. Dangerous foods and
medicines
Appointed a commission to study the meatpacking industry;
pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act
Meat Inspection Act:
Pure Food and Drug Act
5. Shrinking wilderness and
natural resources
Promoted conservation of natural resources;
set aside thousands of acres of forest reserves, water-power sites, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks;
named a professional conservationist to head the .U.S. Forest Service;
promoted large-scale irrigation projects
National Reclamation Act
(Newlands Act)
6. Racial discrimination
None or Appointed an African American as head of the Charleston, South Carolina, custom­ house;
refused to dismiss an .African-American postmaster in Mississippi;
invited Booker T. Washington to dinner