1. Egypt: “The Gift of the Nile” Irrigation Papyrus – paper, mats, sandals, rope, baskets, boats Fish Waterfowl Transportation Animals

3. Impact of Geography Fertile Nile River Marshy Nile Delta (silt, plentiful vegetation and animals)- Lower Egypt Deshret – “Red Land”- Sounds like Upper Egypt- Higher Elevation The Wild Nile- Rapids, Flooding

4. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt King Menes aka Narmer

5. Old Kingdom (2,700-2,000 BCE) Centralized Powers Strong Pharaohs Theocracy How do we know so much?

6. Hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone 1799 Found by Napoleon’s troops Greek, Hieroglyphics & Demotic

7. Religion http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/story/ main.htmlhttp://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/story/ main.html Theocracy – king is seen as God – incarnation of Ra Polytheistic Book of the Dead

8. Pyramids important for “ka” of the pharaoh (continues to bless Egypt) Built during the Old Kingdom

9. Mummies!

10. Isis & Osiris Osiris – Underworld, Vegetation, Fertility Isis – Motherhood, Queens

11. Power of the Nile Trade Travel Flooding

12. Necessary Technology Irrigation Systems Dams Shadoof

13. Scientific Advancements Calendar- 365 days, 12 months, 30 days Medical- slings, heart rate by pulse, surgery, wound care

14. Social Classes

15. The Middle Kingdom (2,040- 1,640 BCE) Prosperity Taxes for Building Projects

16. The New Kingdom Expansion of religious participation (commoners) Expansion of borders Increased building of temples and monuments

17. Ahmose 1600 BC Overthrows Hyksos Restoration of Egyptian trade & culture Takes name “Pharaoh” Pharaoh = “Great House”

18. Hatshepsut 1480 BC Crowned herself pharaoh (first woman) Regent for Thutmose III Beard – symbol of power

19. Thutmose III 1400’s BC Expansion to the Euphrates *** Empire **Cultural Diffusion with Mesopotamia

20. Ramses the Great 1200’s BC Temples & monuments Peace treaty with Syria Pharaoh of the Moses story