1. Group Members Usman Nazir FA08-BET-179 M.Usman Saeed FA08-BET-173
Title
Analysis of Energy Efficient Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network
Group Members
Usman Nazir FA08-BET-179
M.Usman Saeed FA08-BET-173
Supervisor: Dr. Nadeem Javaid

2. Motivation Evolving technology Wide range of application
Environmental monitoring
Battlefield awareness
Temperature sensing
Need of Increasing network lifetime
Need of Improvement of routing protocol

3. Objective Analyse and compares hierarchical routing protocols:
Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)
Centralized LEACH (LEACH-C)
Solar-aware LEACH (sLEACH)
Multi-hop LEACH (Multi-hopLEACH)
Mobile LEACH (M-LEACH)
Selective Clustering LEACH (LEACH-SC)

4. Wireless Sensor Network
We are taking forest as a sensor field (objective area)
Sensor nodes are deployed for fire detection

5. Sensor Node Small battery powered, wireless devices
Sensing capabilities (Sensor)
On-board processing (Micro-controller)
Communication (Transceiver)

6. Design Principle of WSN
Homogeneous Environment
Heterogeneous Environment
Hybrid Environment

7. Hierarchical Routing Whole network has multiple clusters
Each Cluster has CH
CH communicate to BS

8. Single Hop Routing

9. Multi Hop Routing

10. Setup Phase of Routing Nodes participate in CH (Cluster Head) election
Elected CH
Receive CH advertisement
Broadcast CH advertisement No
Yes
Send Association Request to selected CH
Wait and listen medium till its selection
Selected CH
Receive Association Request from nodes
Yes No
By Comparing RSSI and Link Quality
Assign TDMA slots to member nodes for communication
Receive TDMA slots for communication

11. Steady State Phase of Routing
Cluster Heads
Normal Nodes
Receive data from member nodes
Send data to CH at allocated time slot
CH aggregate data received from nodes
Send aggregated data to BS
Base Station (BS)

13. Example of Hierarchical Routing
Network size is 200m * 200m in Co-Ordinate plane
Nodes are randomly deployed
BS is located at point (100,250)
Distance (meter)
Distance (meter)

14. Example of Hierarchical Routing
Nodes are self organizing
Clusters and CHs are formed
Member nodes send data to CHs
CH aggregate data and send to BS
1st Round

15. Example of Hierarchical Routing
2nd Round

16. Example of Hierarchical Routing
3rd Round

17. Example of Hierarchical Routing
4th Round

18. Example of Hierarchical Routing
5th Round

19. Example of Hierarchical Routing
6th Round

20. Example of Hierarchical Routing
7th Round

21. Example of Hierarchical Routing
8th Round

22. Example of Hierarchical Routing
9th Round

23. Example of Hierarchical Routing
10th Round

24. Hierarchical Routing Protocols
LEACH
LEACH-Centralized
sLEACH-Centralized
sLEACH-Distributed
M-LEACH
Multi-hopLEACH
LEACH-SC
Classification
Hierarchical
Self Organization
yes
Scalability
Limited
Good
Very Good
Distributed
yes no

25. Hierarchical Routing Protocols
LEACH
LEACH-Centralized
sLEACH-Centralized
sLEACH-Distributed
M-LEACH
Multi-hopLEACH
LEACH-SC
Centralized no
yes
Hop count
Single
Multi
Energy Efficiency
High
Very High
Resources Awareness
Good
Very Good

26. Hierarchical Routing Protocols
LEACH
LEACH-Centralized
sLEACH-Centralized
sLEACH-Distributed
M-LEACH
Multi-hopLEACH
LEACH-SC
Data Aggregation
Yes
Homogeneous
Yes
Randomized rotation
Yes
Mobility
Fixed BS
Mobile nodes and BS

27. Simulation Parameters
Value
Network Size
200m * 200m
Initial Energy
0.5 J
Probability of becoming CH
0.1
Data Aggregation Energy cost
50 pJ/bit
Number of nodes
100
Packet Size
200 bit
EelectTx
50 nJ/bit
EelecRx

28. Simulation(1)

29. Simulation(2)

30. Simulation(3)

31. Simulation(4)

32. Simulation(5)

33. Conclusion
sLEACH is providing maximum energy and quality efficiency

34. Thanks

37. Applications of WSNs Home Applications Military Applications
To open the door
To switch on the light or TV
To avoid theft cases
Military Applications
Battle Field Surveillance
Monitoring friendly forces

38. Applications of WSNs Environmental Applications Health Applications
To check air pollution
Fire detection
Health Applications
Monitor Patient Psychological data
Monitor doctors and patients inside hospital

39. LEACH

40. LEACH-C

41. Sleach Centralized

42. Sleach-distributed

43. Multihop LEACH

44. M-LEACH

45. LEACH-SC