1. Collimators MD: Low-level point of view AB/ATB/LPE 18/12/2006

2. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 2/37 Authors The real work has been done by: Alessandro MASI Jerome LENDARO Arnaud BRIELMANN Mathieu DONZE Pierre GANDER Michele MARTINO FSU!!!

3. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 3/37 OUTLINE Introduction LSS5:  Architecture  Problem with EM Noise  Results TT40  Architecture  Position Reading

4. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 4/37 INTRODUCTION We prepared two different architectures: LSS5:  Old LEP motors, Old 2004 sensors  New control system (National Instruments PXI)  Integrated into FESA TT40  New non rad-hard motors  New LVDTs  Control system based PC (production Testbench).  Algorithms for position reading equivalent to what will be used in LHC  No integration into FESA (controlled through remote desktop)

5. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 5/37 OUTLINE Introduction LSS5:  Architecture  Problem with EM Noise  Results TT40  Architecture  Position Reading

6. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 6/37 LSS5 Architecture  Control system based on National Instruments PXI  Power driver PARKER Gemini: will not be used for collimators but for TDI. Characteristics similar to what specified for collimators. Little bit more noisy.  Driver control based on FPGA: 5 volts TTL  Installation started the same day of MD (Oct. 31 st )

7. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 7/37 LSS5 Noise Problem:  Motor current and end-stroke switches in the same cable.  Local cabling (2004) very poor quality: no shielding, cables tight together and twisted.

8. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 8/37 LSS5

9. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 9/37 LSS5

10. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 10/37 LSS5 Noise Problem:  Motor current and end-stroke switches in the same cable.  Local cabling (2004) very poor quality: no shielding, cables tight together and twisted.  Result: too much noise on switch signal (>5 Vpk) Solution:  Decouple switch signal using optocouplers, excite (and read) switches at 24 volts. Noise shorted to ground with capacitors.  It took 6 hours to find the components (AB/RF, AT/MTM), mount the circuit and bring it to operation level.  It worked perfectly, no more noise at all on FPGA input.

11. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 11/37 LSS5 Lessons Learned (1/2):  As foreseen, position sensors gave unreliable reading.  Reasons:  Quality of GAP LVDT (poor linearity)  Sensor type (potentiometers) not adapted to  precision measurements over long cables  Fast cycle reading  Basically, there is nothing we can do about it. If we want better measurements, we should install baseline LHC sensors.

12. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 12/37 LSS5 Measured during test in LSS5 (Oct. 31 st )

13. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 13/37 LSS5 Lessons Learned (2/2):  PXI was stable for nearly one month.  No crash, no lost connection (during crash of CMW, PXI still accessible with LabView RT)  Don’t worry, in LHC access through Labview RT will only be able to check whether the system is alive or not, no possibility to change the program or any parameter “on-line”.

14. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 14/37 OUTLINE Introduction LSS5:  Architecture  Problem with EM Noise  Results TT40  Architecture  Position Reading

15. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 15/37 TT40 Architecture  Control system based on Windows PC, equipped with National Instruments motor controller and DAQ cards  Power driver PARKER Gemini.  Driver control still on 5 volts TTL  Proper cabling (all shielding properly done)

16. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 16/37 TT40

17. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 17/37 TT40

18. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 18/37 TT40 Lessons Learned:  Our strategy for the LHC has given excellent results concerning accuracy (see coming slides).  EM Noise is perfectly under control. No need to put optocouplers and go to 24V to get clean signals (However we will do it in the LHC to prevent even further any problem).  Remote Calibration working fine. For the LHC, we will not need to access the collimator to re- calibrate the sensors !!!!  Position reading algorithms we developed robust. A simple windows PC is sufficient to get 1 µm sigma on the measurement!!!

19. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 19/37 TT40

20. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 20/37 TT40

21. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 21/37 TT40

22. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 22/37 TT40

23. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 23/37 Collimators’ requirements Position Readout and Survey  LVDT systems (LVDT+signal conditioner) from the leading companies (Schaevitz/MSI, Sensorex, Penny & Giles) have been tested.  The results for the full system were very deceiving from different points of view:  Temperature stability is bad. Few degrees of change in temperature of the electronics may result in 200 to 300 µm change  Maintainance and portability very difficult. Each conditioner has to be manually calibrated with trimmers. We will have ~720 sensors installed in LHC.  They are all based on linear approximation of the sensor response. To go down to 5 µm resolution one would need a linearity of ~0.01%. Standard sensors are at the level of 1 to 10% linearity.  No real immunity to noise and to interference with other sensors at the input of the conditioner.

24. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 24/37 Collimators’ requirements Position Readout and Survey  All the companies contacted were ready to produce a dedicated signal conditioner to address all these points.  The first offers were very expensive and incompatible with our budget. The risk of not getting at the end what desired was also not negligible.  We therefore decided to proceed ourselves with the development of a conditioning strategy that could be conveniently applied to such a huge system.

25. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 25/37 Collimators’ requirements LVDT:

26. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 26/37 Collimators’ requirements Position Readout and Survey  After investigation on several different solutions, we chose to go for high speed sampling of the signal, and real-time processing of the data in the CPU to get the position information.  That is different from standard approach, where an analog front end electronics treats the signals before sampling

27. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 27/37 Collimators’ requirements

28. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 28/37 Collimators’ requirements

29. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 29/37 Collimators’ requirements To increase the immunity to Noise and Drifts, both secondaries are brought to the electronics rack.

30. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 30/37 Collimators’ requirements DETECTOR (E1+NOISE+DRIFT)- (E2+NOISE+DRIFT)= E1-E2 noise Noise is reduced by proper cabling

31. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 31/37 Collimators’ requirements Measured during test in LSS5 (Oct. 31 st )

32. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 32/37 Collimators’ requirements Measured by P. Gander during test in TT40 (Oct. 31 st ) in remote!!!! < 20 µm ~ 25 µm mechanical play

33. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 33/37 Collimators’ requirements Position Readout and Survey  This result is obtained with:  250 kS/sec simultaneous sampling of secondaries  1000 points per acquisition  Demodulation through sin-fit algorithm (IEEE – 1241)  No additional filtering

34. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 34/37 Collimators’ requirements Position Readout and Survey  A small parenthesis on Sin-fit Algorithm  Defined by standard IEEE – 1241 as recommended method for sinus wave demodulation  Synchronous Demodulation: Allows relaxing sampling specs by using the KNOWN information about frequency of carrier (less bits, less speed).  Frequency response is a SINC: allows to have all the sensors in the same cable without interference from one to the other, and without additional filtering!!!!! (Calculated by M. Martino, University of Naples)

35. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 35/37 Collimators’ requirements Position Readout and Survey  FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF SIN FIT

36. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 36/37 Collimators’ requirements Position Readout and Survey  A small parenthesis on Sin-fit Algorithm  Frequency response is a SINC: allows to have all the sensors in the same cable without interference from one to the other, and without additional filtering!!!!! (Calculated by M. Martino, University of Naples)  That allows to transmit in the same cable, without individual shielding of the twisted pairs, all the LVDT signals.  Savings on cabling are in the order of SEVERAL 100KCHF!!!!!!

37. Collimators Control Review, 18/12/2006R. Losito, AB/ATB 37/37 Conclusions PXI robustness demonstrated in LSS5 Accuracy of position reading demonstrated in TT40 Strategy chosen for Low-Level system successful !!!