1. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation JUPITER – Jovian Unit Processing Intelligent Terrain and Environment Reconnaissance Skyler LaBuff, Jon Mefford, Jaime Ocampo, Eric Rogstad

2. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 2 Outline Introduction Objectives Jupiter Europa Ganymede Io Social, Political, Ethical, and Ecological Issues

3. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 3 Introduction Why does the Jovian System merit further exploration? Quite possibly the most complex, diverse, and interesting part of the Solar System Scientists believe that the right factors for life to develop (liquid water, energy sources, organic compounds) may exist on Europa underneath the solid-ice surface Ganymede is the only known moon in the Solar System to have an intrinsic magnetic field Io is known to be the hottest and most volcanically active planetary body in the Solar System IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues

4. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 4 Introduction History of Jovian Exploration Pioneer 10 & 11: Studied Jupiter’s magnetic field and atmosphere, took close-up images of Jupiter and some of its moons, experienced intense radiation Voyager 1 & 2: Images revealed volcanic activity on Io, also discovered three new moons and a thin, dark ring around the planet Jupiter Galileo and Jupiter Probe: Sensor probe was sent into the gas giant, relaying temperature, wind speed and pressure data through Galileo; first evidence of sub- surface liquid ocean on Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede Cassini: Tested imaging and instrumentation on the Jovian system while on its way to Saturn IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues

5. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 5 Introduction Heritage and Inspiration Mars Science Laboratory: Autonomous soft-landing system using RADAR and LIDAR to accurately place large payloads on the surface of celestial bodies JPL Antarctic Studies: Developing ice borehole probe to explore under-ice seas at incredible pressures Life Inside Frozen Europa: Complete mission design for exploration of Europan Seas using an orbiter, lander, and ice burrower to detect signs of microbial life VASIMR Propulsion System: Variable-Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket engine being developed by NASA as the next generation propulsion system IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues

6. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 6 Science Objectives To search for signs of life to prove or disprove current theories on Europan ecology To sample and inspect the mineral deposits, atmospheric composition, and ice composition of Europa from a micro perspective To map the magnetic field of Ganymede to learn more about why this moon is unique To map the thermal and magnetic contour of Io to investigate how Jupiter and the other Galilean moons directly affect Io’s volcanic activity and complex plasma and radiation environment IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues

7. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 7 Technological Objectives To leave a communications relay for future missions to the outer-lying planets To further the research and implementation of nuclear reactors in outer space To further the use of the new VASIMR plasma propulsion system IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues

8. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Jupiter http://www.skyhighgallery.com/images/gallery-images/640-galilean-moons.jpg Zeus Orbiter Jon Mefford

9. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 9 Zeus IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Zeus at a glance –Will incorporate nuclear reactor technology –Propelled by VASIMR engine –Equipped with RADAR/LIDAR sounding devices, cameras, communications relay devices, and various other scientific instruments –Will carry Europa Lander (Taurus), Io probe, and Ganymede probe http://t2spflnasa.r3h.net/shuttle/support/researching/aspl/images/vasimr.jpg

10. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 10 Mission Objectives IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Objectives –Provide transport to Jovian system –Perform radar sounding on Europa and deliver Taurus –Deliver Io and Ganymede probes –Perform scientific studies on Jupiter and act as data storage and communications relay for the various probes. Europa Radar Sounder Instrument Definition Team http://www.spacedaily.com/images/europa-orbiter2000-bg.jpg

11. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 11 Mission Overview IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Insertion of Zeus into Europan Orbit Deployment of Taurus Insertion of Zeus into a polar orbit around Jupiter Deployment of Io and Ganymede probes Continue storage and transmission of data grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-000451.html

12. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation Europa Lander Europa Burrower Eric Rogstad NASA/JPL Europa

13. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 13 Europa Overview Smooth, crater-free surface –Fractures dominate surface Surface unknowns –Slush? Brown? Geothermal processes –Tidal effects from Jupiter Surface processes –Hubble telescope and Galileo probe detected a thin, O 2 atmosphere http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues

14. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 14 http://planetscapes.com Europa Science Science goals Atmospheric composition –Pressure, temperature, density Terrain mapping –Stereo camera Surface composition Seismology –Seismometer Radiation environment –Radiation sensor Subsurface investigation –Europa Burrower IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Thin, O 2 atmosphere Iron-rich core Silicate mantle Fractured ice crust Subsurface ocean

15. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 15 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Europa Europa Lander (Taurus) “Smart” ice lander Precision autonomous landing to be demonstrated on Mars Science Laboratory (2009) Throttleable liquid propulsion system RTG powered Communicates with Zeus IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ 26 m resolution http://www.rosssea.info/ http://crevassezone.org

16. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 16 Europa Burrower (Icy Mole) Use heat generated by onboard RTG to melt through ice –Will require robust structure to resist depth pressure and/or electronics capable of surviving high pressures Communications –Radio if possible, sonar for status signals Science –Robotic arm with lights, cameras, and possibly composition analyzers –Drift probe with simple temperature and pressure measurements on fiber-optic tether Lander Ice Icy Mole Robotic arm Drift Probe IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Anchor

17. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation Ganymede/Io Jaime Ocampo http://members.wri.com/jeffb/vistapro/io-jupiter.jpg

18. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 18 http://www.pparc.ac.uk/nw/Magnetosphere.jpg IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Ganymede 7 th moon from Jupiter and third Galilean moon Galileo data suggests 3 layers: ferrous molten core, silicate rock and an ice/water layer on the surface Would be considered a planet except it orbits Jupiter Only moon in the Jovian system with a magnetosphere Rocky silicate Water layer Ice Layer http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~jwhoward/astro108/Lectures/a ssets/images/img01202.jpg Ferrous Core

19. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 19 IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Ganymede Probe Requires a high-fidelity magnetometer Highly likely to have interference from Jupiter’s own magnetosphere Disposed of after its survey of Ganymede Could be used to survey other moons for magnetic fluctuations before disposal in Jupiter Will communicate with Zeus for the duration of the mission http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sl/thumb/5/50/Planet_Jupiter_Ganim ed-Voyager_1.jpg/250px-Planet_Jupiter_Ganimed-Voyager_1.jpg

20. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 20 IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Io Internal composition looks like Ganymede Most volcanically active body in the Solar System It also has the highest recorded planetary temperatures Volcanic activity is enhanced by strong tidal flexing from Jupiter’s gravity Due to constant volcanic eruptions, Io has a plasma atmosphere Electrical current caused by Io cutting through Jupiter's magnetic field lines Iron core Silicate Interior Silicate Surface http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~jwhoward/astro108/Lectures/a ssets/images/img01202.jpg http://www.planetary.org/html/news/article archive/headlines/2003/galileo-final- bow.html

21. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 21 IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues Io Probe Requires high resolution thermal scanner to perform Thermal Emission Spectrometry (TES) Only able to hold orbit for a limited amount of time Complex gravity, radiation, and plasma fields will be a challenge to overcome Will communicate directly with Zeus before being disposed of http://www.spacedaily.com/images/cassini-galileo-jupiter-io-desk.jpg http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect19/03534_browse.jpg

22. Team JUPITER Midterm presentation 22 Public Issues Social, Political, Ethical, and Ecological Issues Undertaking a flagship mission of this scale requires large amounts of government funding Power is supplied to the mothership by a space-rated nuclear reactor, requiring many safety precautions All systems will be designed to minimize or eliminate possible contamination of the prospective world IntroductionObjectivesJupiterEuropaGanymedeIoIssues