1. Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Production Case Study: Nghia Trung Village, Bu Dang District, Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam

2. SUMMARY THE BASELINE STUDY Issues related to –no-tillage vegetable system –Soil and water conservation

3. Location of the study area

4. Topography, climate, and hydrology ELEVATION: 300-500m ASL SLOPE: medium to high RAINFALL: > 2000mm/year HIGH RISK OFSOIL EROSION

5. CULTIVATED AREA OF MAIN CROPS Crops Annual crops Perennial crops cashew Rubber Coffee Black pepper Fruit trees ha 243.3 4726.4 3255.0 275.5 1095.0 33.4 67.5 5% 95% 65% 6% 22% 1% Total4969.7100%

6. MAIN CROP IN THE STUDY AREA CASHEW NUT

7. Sources of water for farm land (% of area by land use types). Source of irrigation Rainfed Stream Lake, pond Hand-dig well Deep well Home garden 23% 17% 23% 30% 7% other annual crops 75% 0% 13% 6% Land for perennial crops 62% 18% 16% 3% 0%

8. CASHEW CROPPING CALENDAR WEEDING: JUNE AND SEPT. PRUNING: JUL-NOV. LAND SURFACE CLEANING: DEC- FEB.(before harvesting)

9. Cashew production practices 2 times of weeding: 1 in June 1 in Sept. Pruning during heavy rain period Field cleaning: gathering and burning all organic materials (tree leaves, death branches, grass) NO GRASS/COVER ON SOILSUFACE These lead to enhance Soil erosion

10. Farmer perception THEY RECOGNIZE AND UNDERSTAND THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF SOIL EROSION

11. Measures to control soil erosion Earthen bank/small canal Weeding at the end of rainy season Reduced weeding Making of hedgerow intercropping

12. COVER/MULCHING IN CASHEW PLANTATION? COVER CROP? –FIRE IN DRY SEASON! –INSECT & DISEASE. MULCHING? –TERMITE!

13. INTERCROPPING In the first 3 years only. Cassava, peas, beans are the most commonly used

14. Intercropping Cacao-cashew combination recently introduced to the local farmers cacao production is still unknown Its cultivation is in experimental stage –Some primary results : cacao grow well Cashew nut yield increase –

15. Main problems for cover/mulching crops Very few species can grow under dense cashew canopy. Drying during dry season Low biomass produce

16. Future research Find out the suitable crops using as green manure/much/compost suitable in these condition

17. Vetiver grass using as a bio- erosion control; composting material

20. Pueraria phaseoloides, crotalaria, sesbania, and other leguminuous using as a green manure and cover in the new planting cashew

21. Vegetable cultivation constraints Land is not suitable No vegetable is grown well under shading condition. Lack of water in dry season

22. Future research Find the suitable species- indigenous root crop, that can grow well under shading condition