1. The Unification of Italy and Germany 1850s-1870s

2. Nationalism What is nationalism? The belief that the greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

3. Types of Nationalism Nationalism that unifies culturally similar lands and people Nationalism that separates culturally different lands and people

4. The Unification of Italy Italian Unification Italy forms from crumbling empires 1815-1848 Italians want independence from foreign rulers Cavour Leads Northern Italian Unification Camillo di Cavour - Prime Minister of Kingdom of Sardinia (1852) Gets French help to win control of Austrian-controlled Italian land

5. The Unification of Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi Brings Unity Leads nationalists who conquer southern Italy Known as the “Red Shirts” for their attire during battle Cavour convinces Garibaldi to unite southern Italy and Sardinia Garibaldi steps aside, allowing King of Sardinia to rule 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy

7. The Unification of Germany Beginning in 1815: German Confederation Divided into 39 German states Austria controlled the Confederation Prussia lead the unification movement Prussian Advantage Very powerful army

8. The Unification of Germany Prussia’s Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck (1862) Member of the “Junker” class Conservative wealthy landowners Used military force to achieve political gain

9. The Unification of Germany Prussia Expands Prussia & Austria fight Denmark, gain two provinces Quick victory makes other German nations respect Prussia Seven Weeks’ war Prussia defeats Austria Gains Austrian territory East and West Prussia are united

10. The Unification of Germany The Franco-Prussian War Prussia defeats France Wilhelm is crowned Kaiser – emperor of a united Germany Bismarck creates a Germany united under Prussian dominance

12. THE END