1. Chapter 24 Section 3
Nationalism

2. Big Idea
NATIONALISM WAS THE MOST POWERFUL IDEA OF THE 1800’S. IT SHAPED NEW COUNTRIES AND SPLIT UP OLD ONES. IT FED THE DESIRE OF MOST GROUPS FREE OF THE RULE OF EMPIRES AND GOVERN THEMSELVES IN THEIR TRADITIONAL LANDS

3. NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES
Austrian Empire
IN 1866, EMPEROR FRANCIS JOSEPH SPLIT AUSTRIA INTO TWO HALFS AND HE RULED BOTH
NATIONALIST DISPUTES WEAKENED IF FOR 40 YEARS
WWI AUSTRIA HUNGARY BROKE INTO SEVERAL SEPARATE NATION-STATES

4. Russian Empire Crumbles
NATIONALIST BROKE UP 370 YEARS OF CZAR CONTROL
CZAR ALSO RULED OVER UKRAINIANS, POLES, LLITHUANIANS, LATVIANS, ESTONIANS, FINNS, JEWS, ROMANIANS, GEORGIANS, ARMENIANS, TURKS & OTHERS

5. Russification
ROMANOV DYNASTY FORCED RUSSIAN CULTURE ON ALL THE ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE EMPIRE.
THIS ACTUALLY STRENGTHENED ETHNIC NATIONALIST FEELING & HELPED TO DISUNIFY RUSSIA
WWI & COMMUNIST REVOLUTION TOOK STRANGLEHOLD AND LAST ROMANOV CZAR GAVE UP POWER IN 1917

6. Ottoman Empire Weakens
TURKS RULED THE OTTOMAN EMPRIRE AND CONTROLLED GREEKS, SLAVS, ARABS, BULGARIANS, & ARMENIANS.
OTTOMANS GRANTED EQUAL CITIZENSHIP TO ALL PEOPLE AFTER RECEIVING PRESSURE FROM BRITISH AND FRENCH
CONSERVATIVES WERE ANGERED BY THIS AND EMPIRE SPLIT UP SHORTLY AFTER WWI

7. Case Study: Italy
ITALIAN NATIONALISTS LOOKED FOR LEADERSHIP FROM KINGDOM OF PIEDMONT-SARDINIA

8. Camillo di Cavour NAMED PRIME MINISTER
FRENCH EMPEROR NAPOLEON III AGREED TO HELP DRIVE AUSTRIA OUT OF NORTHERN ITALY
IN 1858, FRENCH & SARDINIAN ARMY WON TWO QUICK VICTORIES AND TAKING NORTHERN ITALY, EXCEPT VENETIA.

9. Giuseppe Garibaldi
IN 1860, LED SMALL ITALIAN NATIONALIST IN SOUTH AND CAPTURED SICILY.
KNOWN AS RED SHIRTS CAUSE HE ALWAYS WORE A BRIGHT RED SHIRT ALONG WITH HIS FOLLOWERS.
UNITED SOUTHERN AREAS WITH KINGDOM OF PIEDMONT-SARDINIA & WAS RULED BY KING VICTOR EMMANUEL II

10. IN 1866 AUSTRIAN PROVINCE OF VENETIA, WHICH INCLUDED CITY OF VENICE BECAME PART OF ITALY
1870, TOOK LAST PART OF TERRITORY KNOWN AS THE PAPAL STATES.
CITY OF ROME CAME UNDER ITALIAN CONTROL AND EVENTUALLY BECAME CAPITAL OF THE UNITED KINGDOME OF ITALY.

11. Case Study: Germany Prussia Leads German Unification
MAINLY GERMAN POPULATION
NATIONALISM UNIFIED
BERLIN RIOTERS FORCED CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION TO WRITE UP A LIBERAL CONSTITUTION HELPING PAVE THE WAY OF UNIFICATION.

12. Wilhelm
1861 WILHELM I SUCCEEDED FREDERICK WILLIAM TO THE THRONE
DID NOT RECEIVE MONEY FOR REFORM FROM LIBERAL PARLIAMENT
Junkers
SUPPORTED WILHELM, STRONG CONSERVATIVE MEMBERS OF PRUSSIA’S WEALTHY LANDOWNING CLASS.

13. Otto von Bismark CHOSEN AS WILHELM’S PRIME MINISTER.
MASTER OF REALPOLITIK- MEANS POLITICS OF REALITY
WOULD RULE WITHOUTH CONSENT FROM PARLIAMENT OR LEGAL BUDGET.
VIOLATED CONSTITUTION
PARLIAMENT & CONSTITUTION WOULD GROW WEAKER WHILE KING & PRIME MINISTER WOULD GROW STRONGER

14. Prussia Expands
1864, PRUSSIA & AUSTRIA FORM ALLIANCE AND DEFECAT DENMARK AND GAIN NEIGHBORING PROVINCES
Seven weeks War
CONFLICT WITH AUSTRIA & PRUSSIA OVER TERRITORY. PRUSSIA DESTROYS AUSTRIA GAINING MORE POWER & TERRITORTY

15. Franco-Prussian War
FINAL STAGE IN GERMAN UNIFICATION & ACCEPTED PRUSSIAN LEADERSHIP.
Kaiser (Emporer)
KING WILHELM I OF PRUSSIA IS CROWNED IN 1871 IN VERSAILLES, FRANCE.

16. Shift in Power
IN FIVE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE- BRITAIN, FRANCE, AUSTRIA, PRUSSIA & RUSSIA
IN BRITAIN & GERMANY (PRUSSIA) CLEARLY MOST POWERFUL MILITRILY & ECONOMICALLY
AUSTRIA & RUSSIA WERE FAR BEHIND
FRANCE STRUGGLED SOMEWHERE IN THE MIDDLE