1. SPACE
Space=distance or area between, around, above, below, and within things
There are several different ways space is used in art composition. These are:
Positive space
Negative space
Two-dimensional space
Three-dimensional space

2. 3-Dimensional
3-dimensional art deals with space naturally (ex. Your wire sculpture)
Has width, height, and depth
A free standing object
Can add or subtract to form

3. 2-Dimensional
2-dimensional art can be created to look like it deals with space and is 3-dimensional
Techniques to create depth include:
Overlapping
Size
Focus
Placement
Intensity and Value
Linear Perspective

4. Overlapping=placing shapes over others
Size=making distant shapes smaller than closer ones
Overlapping=placing shapes over others

5. Andrew Wyeth’s CHRISTINA’S WORLD
Focus=adding more detail to closer objects, less detail to distant objects
Placement=placing distant objects higher up in the picture, closer ones lower down

6. Edward Hopper’s THE NIGHT WINDOW
Intensity and Value=using colors that are lower in intensity and lighter in value for objects in the distance
Linear perspective=slanting lines of buildings and other objects so they seem to come together in the distance

7. Class Exercise

8. POSITIVE SPACE
Positive space is the "occupied" areas in a work of art that is filled with something such as, lines, colors and shapes.
It is the primary subject matter of a painting; the animals, plants, building, mountain, vase, people, etc., that forms your area-of-interest.

9. NEGATIVE SPACE
Negative space (a.k.a. whitespace in page layout), is the unoccupied areas that surround the subject matter.
It is defined by the edges of the positive space it surrounds.

10. M. C. Escher One of the world’s most famous graphic artist
Master of using positive and negative space
He worked with architecture, perspective, and space
In most all of his work he filled every space on the page
Known mostly for his mathematical prints called tessellations
Tessellations are designs featuring animals, birds, plants, shapes etc, which can fill the page, without over-lapping, to form a pattern. It's the simplest kind of jigsaw puzzle: all the pieces look alike!